Right‐wing authoritarianism and social dominance orientation and the dimensions of generalized prejudice: A longitudinal test

Abstract

A Dual Process Model (DPM) approach to prejudice proposes that there should be at least two dimensions of generalized prejudice relating to outgroup stratification and social perception, which should be differentially predicted by Right‐Wing Authoritarianism (RWA) and Social Dominance Orientation (SDO). The current study assessed the causal effects of SDO and RWA on three dimensions of prejudice using a full cross‐lagged longitudinal sample (N = 127). As expected, RWA, but not SDO, predicted prejudice towards ‘dangerous’ groups, SDO, but not RWA, predicted prejudice towards ‘derogated’ groups, and both RWA and SDO predicted prejudice towards ‘dissident’ groups. Results support previously untested causal predictions derived from the DPM and indicate that different forms of prejudice result from different SDO‐ and RWA‐based motivational processes. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Keywords

Dual Process Model Right‐Wing Authoritarianism Social Dominance Orientation generalized prejudice longitudinal

Get full access to this article

View all access options for this article.

References

Adorno

T. W.

Frenkel‐Brunswik

Levinson

Sanford

(1950). The authoritarian personality. New York: Harper.

Allport

G. W.

(1954/1979). The nature of prejudice. Cambridge, MA: Perseus Books.

Altemeyer

(1981). Right‐Wing Authoritarianism. Winnipeg, Manitoba: The University of Manitoba Press.

Altemeyer

(1988). Enemies of freedom: Understanding right‐wing authoritarianism. San Francisco: Jossey‐Bass Publishers.

Altemeyer

(1996). The Authoritarian specter. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.

Altemeyer

(1998). The “other” authoritarian personality. In M. P. Zanna (Ed.), Advances in experimental social psychology(Vol. 30, pp.47–91). San Diego: Academic Press.

Bäckström

Björklund

(2007).Structural modeling of generalized prejudice: The role of social dominance, authoritarianism, and empathy. Journal of Individual Differences, 28,10–17.

Bierly

M. M.

(1985).Prejudice toward contemporary outgroups as a generalized attitude. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 15,189–199.

Binder

Zagefka

Brown

Funke

Kessler

Mummendey

(2009).Does contact reduce prejudice or does prejudice reduce contact? A longitudinal test of the contact hypothesis among majority and minority groups in three European countries. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 96,843–856.

10.

Bratt

(2005).The structure of attitudes toward non‐western immigrant groups: Second‐order factor analysis of attitudes among Norwegian adolescents. Group Processes and Intergroup Relations, 8,447–469.

11.

Cohrs

J. C.

Asbrock

(2009).Right‐wing authoritarianism, social dominance orientation and prejudice against threatening and competitive ethnic groups. European Journal of Social Psychology, 32,270–289.

12.

Dru

(2007).Authoritarianism, social dominance orientation and prejudice: Effects of various self‐categorization conditions. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 43,877–883.

13.

Duckitt

(2001). A dual‐process cognitive‐motivational theory of ideology and prejudice. In M. P. Zanna (Ed.), Advances in experimental social psychology(Vol. 33, pp.41–113). San Diego: Academic Press.

14.

Duckitt

(2006).Differential effects of right wing authoritarianism and social dominance orientation on outgroup attitudes and their mediation by threat from and competitiveness to outgroups. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 32,684–696.

15.

Duckitt

Sibley

C. G.

(2007).Right wing authoritarianism, social dominance orientation and the dimensions of generalized prejudice. European Journal of Personality, 21,113–130.

16.

Duckitt

Wagner

du Plessis

Birum

(2002).The psychological bases of ideology and prejudice: Testing a dual process model. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 83,75–93.

17.

Duriez

van Hiel

(2002).The march of modern fascism. A comparison of social dominance orientation and authoritarianism. Personality and Individual Differences, 32,1199–1213.

18.

Duriez

Vansteenkiste

Soenens

De Witte

(2007).The social costs of extrinsic relative to intrinsic goal pursuits: Their relation with Social Dominance Orientation and racial and ethnic prejudice. Journal of Personality, 75,757–782.

19.

Ekehammar

Akrami

Gylje

Zakrisson

(2004).What matters most to prejudice: Big Five personality, Social Dominance Orientation, or Right‐Wing Authoritarianism? European Journal of Social Psychology, 18,463–482.

20.

Esses

V. M.

Jackson

L. M.

Armstrong

T. L.

(1998).Intergroup competition and attitudes toward immigrants and immigration: An instrumental model of group conflict. Journal of Social Issues, 54,699–724.

21.

Fiske

S. T.

Cuddy

A. C.

Glick

(1999).(Dis)respecting versus (dis)liking: Status and interdependence predict ambivalent stereotypes of competence and warmth. Journal of Social Issues, 55,473–489.

22.

Glick

Fiske

S. T.

(1996).The Ambivalent Sexism Inventory: Differentiating hostile and benevolent sexism. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 70,491–512.

23.

Guimond

Dambrun

Michinov

Duarte

(2003).Does social dominance generate prejudice? Integrating individual and contextual determinants of intergroup cognitions. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 84,697–721.

24.

Heaven

P. C. L.

Connors

J. R.

(2001).A note on the value correlates of social dominance orientation and right‐wing authoritarianism. Personality and Individual Differences, 31,925–930.

25.

L.‐T.

Bentler

P. M.

(1999).Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling, 6,1–55.

26.

Kline

R. B.

(2005). Principles and practice of Structural Equation Modeling(2nd ed.). New York: Guilford.

27.

Lippa

Arad

(1999).Gender, personality, and prejudice: The display of authoritarianism and social dominance in interviews with college men and women. Journal of Research in Personality, 33,463–493.

28.

McFarland

(2003).Prejudiced people: Individual differences in explicit prejudice. Unpublished manuscript.

29.

Peterson

B. E.

Lane

M. D.

(2001).Implications of authoritarianism for young adulthood: Longitudinal analysis of college experiences and future goals. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 27,678–690.

30.

Pettigrew

T. F.

Meertens

R. W.

(1995).Subtle and blatant prejudice in Western Europe. European Journal of Social Psychology, 25,57–75.

31.

Pratto

Sidanius

Levin

(2006).Social dominance theory and the dynamics of intergroup relations: Taking stock and looking forward. European Review of Social Psychology, 17,271–320.

32.

Pratto

Sidanius

Stallworth

L. M.

Malle

B. M.

(1994).Social dominance orientation: A personality variable predicting social and political attitudes. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 67,741–763.

33.

Reynolds

K. J.

Turner

J. C.

Haslam

S. A.

Ryan

M. K.

(2001).The role of personality and group factors in explaining prejudice. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 37,427–434.

34.

Roets

Van Hiel

Cornelis

(2006).Does materialism predict racism? Materialism as a distinctive social attitude and a predictor of prejudice. European Journal of Personality, 20,155–168.

35.

Saucier

(2000).Isms and the structure of social attitudes. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 78,366–385.

36.

Sibley

C. G.

Duckitt

(2008).Personality and prejudice: A meta‐analysis and theoretical review. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 12,248–279.

37.

Sibley

C. G.

Duckitt

(in press)The ideological legitimation of the status quo: Longitudinal tests of a social dominance model.Political Psychology.

38.

Sibley

C. G.

Robertson

Wilson

M. S.

(2006).Social Dominance Orientation and Right‐Wing Authoritarianism: Additive and interactive effects. Political Psychology, 27,755–768.

39.

Sibley

C. G.

Wilson

M. S.

Duckitt

(2007a).Antecedents of men's hostile and benevolent sexism: The dual roles of social dominance orientation and right‐wing authoritarianism. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 33,160–172.

40.

Sibley

C. G.

Wilson

M. S.

Duckitt

(2007b).Effects of dangerous and competitive worldviews on Right‐Wing Authoritarianism and Social Dominance Orientation over a five‐month period. Political Psychology, 28,357–371.

41.

Sidanius

Pratto

(1999). Social dominance. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.

42.

Sidanius

Sinclair

Pratto

(2006).Social dominance orientation, gender, and increasing educational exposure. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 36,1640–1653.

43.

Stephan

W. G.

Renfro

C. L.

(2003). The role of threat in intergroup relations. In D. M. Mackie , & E. R. Smith (Eds), From prejudice to intergroup relations. Different reactions to social groups(pp.191–207). New York: Psychology Press.

44.

Stephan

W. G.

Renfro

C. L.

Esses

V. M.

Stephan

C. W.

Martin

(2005).The effects of threat on attitudes toward immigrants. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 29,1–19.

45.

Thomsen

Green

E. G. T.

Sidanius

(2008).We will hunt them down: How Social Dominance Orientation and Right‐Wing Authoritarianism fuel ethnic persecution of immigrants in fundamentally different ways. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 44,1455–1464.

46.

Wagner

Christ

Pettigrew

T. F.

(2008).Prejudice and group‐related behavior in Germany. Journal of Social Issues, 64,403–416.

47.

Whitley

B. E.

(1999).Right‐wing authoritarianism, social dominance orientation, and prejudice. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 77,126–134.

48.

Zick

Wolf

Küpper

Davidov

Schmidt

Heitmeyer

(2008).The syndrome of group‐focused enmity: The interrelation of prejudices tested with multiple cross‐sectional and panel data. Journal of Social Issues, 64,363–383.