Transient Spinal Ischemia in the Rat: Characterization of Behavioral and Histopathological Consequences as a Function of the Duration of Aortic Occlusion

To characterize the behavioral and histopathological changes that occur in spinal cord after transient ischemia, reversible occlusion of the descending aorta was achieved in the halothane (1–1.5%)-anesthetized rat by the insertion and subsequent inflation of a 2F Fogarty catheter for 10, 15, 20, or 30 min, Neurological recovery was tested during 8 h of reperfusion. After reflow, animals undergoing 30 min of ischemia displayed an initial flaccidity at 1 h, spasticity at 4 h, and flaccidity at the end of 8 h. Following 20 min of ischemia the initial flaccidity was followed by hindlimb spasticity that persisted for 8 h. Shorter intervals of ischemia had minimal effects on motor function. After reflow, animals developed a prominent allodynea, the incidence of which was dependent on the duration of ischemia. A clear correlation of histopathological changes with the degree of neurological deficit was noted. In spastic animals, small and medium-sized interneurons localized in laminae III to VII were affected. Animals with flaccidity at 8 h additionally displayed a significant incidence of argyrophilic A motoneurons in the ventral horns. Corresponding to the frequent appearance of allodynea, these animals also showed a significant number of damaged neurons in lamina II.