Significant progress has been made in the analysis of space—time diary data. Drawing on the flexibility that such data provide, in this study the authors group respondents at five different levels of aggregation, and compare them according to their mean and standard deviation values for selected measures of travel behaviour. The measures, derived from the time—geography model, relate to the range and speed of daily movement and to the duration of activities. Wide variation in values were observed among subpopulations and role groups at each level of aggregation and, in general, these increased for higher levels of disaggregation. Graphic plots of the mean and standard deviation values permit evaluations of the effects of aggregation and provide a basis for identification of relationships between respondents' sociodemographic characteristics and their travel behaviour.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
AndersonJ, 1971, “Space—time budgets and activity studies in urban geography and planning”Environment and Planning3353–368
2.
BrailKChapinFJr, 1973, “Activity patterns of urban residents”Environment and Behaviour5163–190
3.
BurnettPHansonS, 1979, “Rationale for an alternative mathematical approach to movement as complex human behaviour”Transportation Research Record72311–24
4.
BurnsL D, 1979Transportation, Temporal and Spatial Components of Accessibility (Lexington Books, Lexington, MA)
5.
ClarkSElliottD HHarveyA S, 1980, “Hypercodes and composite variables: simple techniques for the reduction and analysis of time budget data”, paper presented at the Meeting of the International Research Group on Time Budgets and Social Activities, Sofia, 1–3 October; copy from A S Harvey, Department of Economics, St Mary's University, Halifax, Canada B3H 3C3
6.
CullenIGodsonV, 1975, “Urban networks: the structure of activity patterns”Progress in Planning41–96
7.
DangschatJDrothWFriedrichsJKiehlK, 1982, “Action spaces of urban residents: an empirical study in the region of Hamburg”Environment and Planning A141155–1174
8.
ElliottHHarveyAProcosD, 1976, “An overview of the Halifax time—budget study”Society and Leisure3145–159
9.
HägerstrandT, 1974, “The impact of transport on the quality of life”, in Transport in the 1980–1990 Decade. Proceedings of the 5th Symposium of the European Conference of Ministers of Transport, Athens, 22–25 October 1973 copy from T Hägerstrand, Department of Geography, University of Lund, Lund, Sweden
10.
HansonS, 1982, “The determinants of daily travel-activity patterns: relative location and sociodemographic factors”Urban Geography3179–202
11.
HansonSHansonP, 1980, “Gender and urban activity patterns in Uppsala, Sweden”Geographical Review70291–299
12.
HansonSHansonP, 1981, “The travel activity patterns of urban residents: dimensions and relationships to sociodemographic characteristics”Economic Geography57332–347
13.
HansonSHuffJ, 1986, “Classification issues in the analysis of complex travel behaviour”Transportation13271–293
14.
HarveyA SElliottD HProcosD, 1977, “Sub-populations relevant to the study of the use of time”, Working Paper, Institute of Public Affairs, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4H2, Canada
15.
HensherD AMcLeodP B, 1977, “Towards an integrated approach to the identification and evaluation of the transport determinants of travel choices”Transportation Research1177–93
16.
HortonF EHultquistJ F, 1971, “Urban household travel patterns: definition and relationship to household characteristics”East Lakes Geographer137–48
17.
HuffOHansonS, 1986, “Repetition and variability in urban travel”Geographical Analysis1897–114
18.
HupkesG, 1982, “The law of constant travel time and trip-rates”Futures1438–46
19.
JanelleD GGoodchildM F, 1983, “Transportation indicators of space—time autonomy”Urban Geography4317–337
20.
KutterE, 1973, “A model for individual travel behaviour”Urban Studies10235–258
21.
LenntorpB, 1978, “A time—geographic simulation model of individual activity programmes”, in Human Activity and Time Geography. Volume 2 Eds CarlsteinTParkesD NThriftN J (Edward Arnold, London) pp 162–180
22.
LindsayI J, 1979An Exploratory Time-Space Model of Activity Selection and Travel Behaviour with Special Reference to New Forms of Work Scheduling PhD thesis, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A1, Canada
23.
OppenheimN, 1975, “A typological approach to individual urban travel behaviour prediction”Environment and Planning A7141–152
24.
PalmRPredA, 1974, “A time—geographic perspective on problems of inequality for women”, WP-26, Institute of Urban and Regional Development, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
25.
PasE I, 1983, “A flexible and integrated methodology for analytical classification of daily travel-activity behaviour”Transportation Science17405–429
26.
PasE I, 1984, “The effect of selected sociodemographic characteristics on daily travel-activity behaviour”Environment and Planning A16571–581
27.
SzalaiA (Ed.), 1972The Use of Time: Proceedings of the World Time—Budget Study (Mouton, The Hague)
28.
WardJ, 1963, “Hierarchical grouping to optimize an objective function”Journal of the American Statistical Association58236–244
29.
WishartD, 1982Supplement, CLUSTAN User Manualthird edition, Program Library Unit, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9YL, Scotland
