In the Munker—White effect grey target bars appear lighter when they are flanked by white bars, and darker when they are flanked by black bars. It is shown that the effect is enhanced if the patterns are presented stereoscopically so that the grey bars appear either behind the grating, in which case they are seen as a rectangle that is occluded by the white bars of the grating, or in front of the grating, so that they form a transparent rectangle. These results are explained in terms of object perception: contrast enhances differences between an object and its surroundings, whereas assimilation reduces differences within an object.
BenaryW, 1924“Beobachtungen zu einem Experiment über Helligkeitskontrast”Psychologische Forschung5131–142
4.
BlommaertF J JMartensJ B, 1990“An object-oriented model for brightness perception”Spatial Vision515–41
5.
BressanP, 1993“Neon colour spreading with and without its figural prerequisites”Perception22353–361
6.
du BufJ M H, 1992“Lowpass channels and White's effect”Perception21 (Supplement 2) 80
7.
du BufJ M HFischerS, 1995“Modelling brightness perception and syntactical image coding”Optical Engineering (in press)
8.
EhrensteinW, 1941“Über Abwandlungen der L. Hermannschen Helligkeitserscheinung”Zeitschrift für Psychologie15083–91
9.
GilchristA, 1977“Perceived lightness depends on perceived spatial arrangement”Science195185–187
10.
GogelW CMershonD H, 1969“Depth adjacency in simultaneous contrast”Perception & Psychophysics513–17
11.
HelsonH, 1963“Studies of anomalous contrast and assimilation”Journal of the Optical Society of America53179–184
12.
MouldenBKingdomF, 1989“White's effect: a dual mechanism”Vision Research291245–1259
13.
MunkerH, 1970Farbige Gitter, Abbildung auf der Netzhaut und übertragungstheoretische Beschreibung der FarbwahrnehmungHabilitationschrift, Ludwig-Maximilians-UniversitätMünchen
14.
NakayamaKShimojoSRamachandranV S, 1990“Transparency: relation to depth, subjective contours, luminance, and neon color spreading”Perception19497–513
15.
RediesCSpillmannL, 1981“The neon color effect in the Ehrenstein illusion”Perception10667–681
16.
RediesCSpillmannLKunzK, 1984“Colored neon flanks and line gap enhancement”Vision Research241301–1309
17.
RockI, 1983The Logic of Perception (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press)
18.
SakataS, 1981“Mechanism of Craik — O'Brien effect”Vision Research21693–699
19.
SchoberHMunkerH, 1967“Untersuchungen zu den Übertragungseigenschaften des Gesichtssinns für die Farbinformation”Vision Research71015–1026
20.
SpeharBGilchristAArendL, 1992“White's illusion: the role of intensity and figural relationships”Perception21 (Supplement 2) 81
21.
TodorovicD, 1987“The Craik-O'Brien-Cornsweet effect: New varieties and their theoretical implications”Perception & Psychophysics42545–560
22.
Van TuijlH F J M, 1975“A new visual illusion: neonlike color spreading and complementary color induction between subjective contours”Acta Psychologica39441–445
23.
Van TuijlH F J Mde WeertC M M, 1979“Sensory conditions for the occurrence of the neon spreading illusion”Perception8211–215
24.
WallachH, 1948“Brightness constancy and the nature of the achromatic colors”Journal of Experimental Psychology36119–126
25.
WhiteM, 1979“A new effect of pattern on perceived lightness”Perception8413–416
26.
WhiteM, 1981“The effect of the nature of the surround on the perceived lightness of gray bars within square-wave test gratings”Perception10215–230
27.
WistE R, 1974“Mach bands and depth adjacency”Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society397–99
28.
WistE RSusenP, 1973“Evidence for the role of post-retinal processes in simultaneous contrast”Psychologische Forschung361–12
29.
WolffW, 1933“Über die kontrasterregende Wirkung der transformierten Farben”Psychologische Forschung1890–97
