En este artículo se mantiene la hipótesis de la correlación positiva entre inteligencia y bilingüismo, debida a la existencia de ventajas cognitivas. La autora repasa algunos estudios con niños bilingües -destacando el de Okoh (1980)-, afirmando que estas investigaciones indican la presencia de ventajas cognitivas en tareas de creatividad verbal. Con relación a la influencia de la experiencia bilingüe en otras operaciones cognitivas, explica algunas dificultades para relacionar ambas, por lo que habría que realizar un considerable trabajo previo para poder extraer conclusiones definitivas sobre las dimensiones del desarrollo cognitivo que pueden beneficiarse. Respecto a los mecanismos a través de los que se produce dicha influencia, resalta la explicación estructural de Ben- Zeev (1977) recogiendo el concepto de competencia lingüística chomskyano. Tras profundizar en el modelo de Cummins (1981), con su análisis de los distintos tipos de competencia y la “hipótesis de los umbrales”, la autora se centra finalmente en los efectos cognitivos de diferentes tipos de bilingüismo.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
ArnbergL.Early Childhood bilingualisme in the mixed-lingual family.Kinkoping: Studies in Education—Dissertations, 14, Linkoping University, Department of Education, 1981.
2.
BainB.«Toward an integration of Piaget and Vygotsky: Bilingual considerations».Linguistics, 1975, 16, 5–20.
3.
BalkanL.Los efectos del bilingüismo en las aptitudes intelectuales.Madrid: Marova, 1979.
4.
BarikH. C.SwalmM.«A longitudinal study of bilingual and cognitive development».International Journal of Psychology, 1976, 11, 251–263.
5.
BarikH. C.SwainM.«Evaluation of a French immersion program: the Ottawa study through grade five».Canadian Journal of Behavioral Science, 1978, 10, 192–201.
6.
Ben-ZeevS.«Mechanism by which childhood bilingualism effects understanding of language and cognitive structures». EnHornbyP. A. (Ed.): Bilingualism: Psychological, social and educational implications.Nueva York: Academic Press Inc., 1977a, 29–55.
7.
Ben-ZeevS.«The effects of Spanish-English bilingualism in children from less privileged neighborhoods on cognitive development and cognitive strategy».Working Papers on Bilingualism, 1977b, 14, 38–122.
8.
BhatnagarJ. K.«Linguistic behaviour and ajustment of immigrant children in French and English schools in Montreal».International Review of Applied Psychology, 1980, 29, 141–158.
9.
BrunerJ.Acción, pensamiento y lenguaje.Madrid: Alianza Editorial, 1984.
10.
CarringerD. C.«Creative Thinking abilities of mexican youth: the relationship of bilingualism».Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 1974, 5, 492–504.
11.
CumminsJ.«A theoretical perspective on the relationship between bilingualism and thought».Working Papers on Bilingualism, 1973, 1, 1–9.
12.
CumminsJ.«The influence of bilingualism on cognitive growth: A synthesis of research findings and explanatory hypothesis».Working Papers on Bilingualism, 1976, 9, 1–43.
13.
CumminsJ.«Bilingualism and the development of metalinguistics awareness».Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 1978, 9, 131–149.
14.
CumminsJ. «The construct of language proficiency in bilingual education». Paper presented at the Georgetown Round Table on Languages and Linguistics. March, 1980.
15.
CumminsJ. «The role of primary language development in promoting educational success for language minority students», en: California State Department of Education, Schooling and Language Minoroty Students. A theoretical Framework. Los Angeles: Evaluation, Assessment and Disemination Center, 1981.
16.
CumminsJ.GulutsanM.«Some effect of bilingualism on cognitive functioning». EnCareyS. T. (Ed.): Bilingualism, Biculturalism and Education. Edmonton, The University of Alberta Press, 1974.
17.
CumminsJ.MulcahyR.«Orientation to language in Ukrainian-English bilingual children».Child Development, 1978, 49, 1239–1242.
18.
DíazR. M.«Bilingual cognitive development: Adressing three gaps in current research».Child Development, 1985, 56(6), 1376–1388.
19.
EkstrandL. H.«Home language teaching for immigrants pupils in Sweden».International Migration Review, 1980, 14, 409–427.
20.
GeneseeF.A comparison of early and late second language learning.Montreal: McGill University, 1980. Sin publicar.
21.
GorrelJ. J.BergmanN. J.McallistairH. A.LipscombT. J.«A comparison on spatial role-taking in monolingual and bilingual children».Journal of Genetic Psychology, 1982, 140, 3–10.
22.
HamersJ. F.«Intergroups contacts and their effects on second language acquisition».Papers from the Third Annual Meeting of the Atlantic Provinces Linguistics Association, Université Ste.-Anne, Church Point, 1980. 1–27.
23.
HolmstrandL. E.«The effects of general school achievement of early commencement of English Instruction».Uppsala Reports on Educations, 4, Department of Education, University of Uppsala, 1979, 1–45.
24.
Ianco-WorrallA. D.«Bilingualism and cognitive development».Child Development, 1972, 43, 1390–1400.
25.
LeopoldW. F.Speech development of a bilingual child: A linguistics record (4 vols.). Evanston, Illinois: Northwestern University Press, 1939–1949.
26.
LiedkeW. W.NelsonL. D.«Concept formation and bilingualism».Alberta Journal of Education Research, 1968, 14, 225–232.
27.
MacnamaraJ.Bilingualism and Primary Education: A Study of Irish Experience. Edimbourg, The University Press, 1966.
28.
MacnamaraJ.«Bilingualism and thought». EnAlatisJ. E. (Ed.): Monograph Series on Languages and Linguistics. Georgetown University School of Languages and Linguistics, 1970, 23, 22–45.
29.
OkohN.«Bilingualism and Divergent Thinking among Nigerian and Welsh school children».The Journal of Social Psychology, 1980, 110, 163–170.
30.
PealE.LambertW. E.«The relation of bilingualism to intelligence».Psychological Monographs, 1962, 76, 1–23.
31.
PiagetJ.WeilA.«The development in children of the idea of homeland and of relations with other countries».International Social Science Bulletin, 1951, 3, 122–134.
32.
PintnerR.KellerR.«Intelligence tests for foreign children».Journal of Educational Psychology, 1922, 13, 214–222.
33.
RiviereA.«La psicología de Vygotsky: sobre la larga proyección de una corta biografía».Infancia y Aprendizaje, 1984, 27/28, 7–87.
34.
RonjatJ.Le développement du langage chez un enfant bilingue.Champion, Paris, 1913.
35.
RyanE. B.LedgenG. W.Children's awareness of sentence grammatically. Paper presented to the Annual Meeting of the Psychonomic Society. Phoenix, Arizona, 1979.
36.
SaerO. J.«The effects of bilingualism on intelligence».British Journal of Psychology, 1923, 14, 25–28.
37.
ScottS.The relation of divergent thinking to bilingualism: cause or effect? Informe de investigación sin publicar. McGill University, Montreal, 1973.
38.
SegalowitzN.«Psychological perspectives on bilingual education». EnSpolskyB.CooperR. (eds.): Frontiers of bilingual education.Rowley, Mass.: Newbury House, 1977.
39.
Skutnabb-KangasT.ToukomaaP.Teaching migrant children mother tongue and learning the language of the host country in the context of the socio-cultural situation of the migrant family. The Finnish National Commission for UNESCO, Helsinki, 1976.
40.
SwainM.CumminsJ.«Bilingualism, cognitive functioning and education».Language Teaching and Linguistics Abstracts, 1979, 4–18.
41.
TorranceE. P.GowanJ. C.WuJ. M.AuornN. G«Creative functioning on monolingual and bilingual children in Singapore».Journal of Educational Psychology, 1970, 61, 72–75.
42.
TsushimaW. T.HoganT. P.«Verbal ability and school achievement in bilingual and monolingual children of different ages».Journal of Education Research, 1975, 68, 349–353.
43.
TremaineR. V.Syntax and Piagetian Operational thought.Washington, D. C., Georgetown University Press, 1975.
44.
VygotskyL. S.Thought and Language.Cambridge, Mass.: M.I.T. Press, 1962.
45.
WhorfB.Language, Thought and Reality.Cambridge, Mass: M.I.T. Press, 1956.
