Me,an entrepreneur? Entrepreneurial identity,outgroup social identification,attitudes and intentions towards business creation / ¿Yo,un emprendedor? Identidad emprendedora,identificación social con el exogrupo,actitudes e intenciones respecto a la creación de empresas
Restricted accessResearch articleFirst published online May, 2017
Me,an entrepreneur? Entrepreneurial identity,outgroup social identification,attitudes and intentions towards business creation / ¿Yo,un emprendedor? Identidad emprendedora,identificación social con el exogrupo,actitudes e intenciones respecto a la creación de empresas
This article aims to further investigate the role of social identity processes in the formation of entrepreneurial intentions (EI). We investigate the general hypothesis that social identification with entrepreneurs is positively associated with EI and its antecedents such as attitude, perceived social norm (subjective norm) and perceived behavioural control (self-efficacy), considered as mediators. In particular, the role of three dimensions of social identification (affects, ties and self-typicality) was empirically studied in a sample of students that answered a questionnaire. Results from regression analyses show that the affects dimension is positively linked to attitude and the perceived social norm, which mediate its association with EI. Likewise, the ties dimension appears to relate positively to EI and attitude, the latter mediating the relationship with the former. Results regarding the self-typicality dimension are mixed (significant association with perceived behavioural control, non-significant association with EI). The discussion addresses the importance of social identity processes in EI formation, study limitations, as well as possible future studies of both theoretical and practical relevance.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
BassiliJ. N. (2008). Attitude strength. In CranoR.PrislinW. D. (Ed.), Attitudes and attitude change (Frontiers of social psychology) (pp. 237–260). New York, NY: Psychology Press.
2.
BergamiM.BagozziR. P. (2000). Self-categorization, affective commitment and group self-esteem as distinct aspects of social identity in the organization. British Journal of Social Psychology, 39, 555–577. doi:10.1348/014466600164633
3.
BosmaN.HesselsJ.SchutjensV.Van PraagM.VerheulI. (2012). Entrepreneurship and role models. Journal of Economic Psychology, 33, 410–424. doi:10.1016/j.joep.2011.03.004
4.
BriñolP.PettyR. E. (2012). A history of attitudes and persuasion research. In KruglanskiA.StroebeW. (Eds.), Handbook of the History of social psychology (pp. 285–320). New York, NY: Psychology Press.
5.
CameronJ. E. (2004). A three-factor model of social identity. Self and Identity, 3, 239–262. doi:10.1080/13576500444000047
6.
CarayannisE. G.EvansD.HansonM. (2003). A cross-cultural learning strategy for entrepreneurship education: Outline of key concepts and lessons learned from a comparative study of entrepreneurship students in France and the US. Technovation, 23, 757–771. doi:10.1016/S0166-4972(02)00030-5
7.
CarterN. M.GartnerW. B.ShaverK. G.GatewoodE. J. (2003). The career reasons of nascent entrepreneurs. Journal of Business Venturing, 18, 13–39. doi:10.1016/S0883-9026(02)00078-2
8.
ChasserioS.PailotP.PoroliC. (2014). When entrepreneurial identity meets multiple social identities. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research, 20, 128–154. doi:10.1108/IJEBR-11-2011-0157
9.
EatonA. A.MajkaE. A.VisserP. S. (2009). Emerging perspectives on the structure and function of attitude strength. European Review of Social Psychology, 19, 165–201. doi:10.1080/10463280802383791
10.
FalckO.HeblichS.LuedemannE. (2012). Identity and entrepreneurship: Do school peers shape entrepreneurial intentions?Small Business Economics, 39, 39–59. doi:10.1007/s11187-010-9292-5
11.
FigueiredoA. M.DoosjeB.ValentimJ. P.ZebelS. (2010). Dealing with past colonial conflicts: How perceived characteristics of the victimized outgroup can influence the experience of group-based guilt. International Journal of Conflict and Violence, 4, 89–105.
12.
FishbeinM.AjzenI. (2010). Predicting and changing behavior: The reasoned action approach. New-York, NY: Psychology Press.
13.
FreseM.GielnikM. M. (2014). The psychology of entrepreneurship. Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior, 1, 413–438. doi:10.1146/annurev-orgpsych-031413-091326
14.
HarmelingS. S. (2011). Re-storying an entrepreneurial identity: Education, experience and self-narrative. Education + Training, 53, 741–749. doi:10.1108/00400911111185053
15.
HayesA. F. (2008). Introduction to mediation, moderation, and conditional process analysis: A regression-based approach. New York, NY: The Guilford Press.
16.
HaytonJ. C.GeorgeG.ZahraS. A. (2002). National culture and entrepreneurship: A review of behavioral research. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 26(4), 33–52.
17.
HewapathiranaG. I. (2011). The role of social identity in internationalization of women-owned small businesses in Sri Lanka. Journal of Asia Business Studies, 5, 172–193. doi:10.1108/15587891111152339
18.
HofstedeG.HofstedeG. J.MinkovM. (2005). Cultures and organizations: Software of the mind (3rd ed.). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill.
19.
HoggM. A. (2007). Uncertainty–identity theory. In ZannaM. P. (Ed.), Advances in experimental social psychology (Vol. 39, pp. 69–126). San Diego, CA: Elsevier Academic Press. doi:10.1016/S0065-2601(06)39002-8
20.
HoggM. A.SmithJ. R. (2007). Attitudes in social context: A social identity perspective. European Review of Social Psychology, 18, 89–131. doi:10.1080/10463280701592070
21.
HoggM. A.TerryD. J. (Eds.). (2001). Social identity processes in organizational contexts. Hove, UK: Psychology Press.
22.
KashimaE. S.KashimaY.HardieE. A. (2000). Self-typicality and group identification: Evidence for their separateness. Group Processes & Intergroup Relations, 3, 97–110. doi:10.1177/1368430200031006
23.
KolvereidL. (1996). Organizational employment versus self-employment: Reasons for career choice intentions. Entrepreneurship: Theory and Practice, 20(3), 23–32.
24.
KruegerN. F.ReillyM. D.CarsrudA. L. (2000). Competing models of entrepreneurial intentions. Journal of Business Venturing, 15, 411–432. doi:10.1016/S0883-9026(98)00033-0
25.
LiñánF.FayolleA. (2015). A systematic literature review on entrepreneurial intentions: Citation, thematic analyses, and research agenda. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 11, 907–933. doi:10.1007/s11365-015-0356-5
26.
MullinB.-A.HoggM. A. (1999). Motivations for group membership: The role of subjective importance and uncertainty reduction. Basic and Applied Social Psychology, 21, 91–102. doi:10.1207/S15324834BA210202
27.
MunniksmaA.VerkuytenM.FlacheA.StarkT. H.VeenstraR. (2015). Friendships and outgroup attitudes among ethnic minority youth: The mediating role of ethnic and host society identification. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 44, 88–99. doi:10.1016/j.ijintrel.2014.12.002
28.
ObschonkaM.GoethnerM.SilbereisenR. K.CantnerU. (2012). Social identity and the transition to entrepreneurship: The role of group identification with workplace peers. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 80, 137–147. doi:10.1016/j.jvb.2011.05.007
29.
PettyR. E.KrosnickJ. A. (1995). Attitude strength: Antecedents and consequences. Ohio State University series on attitudes and persuasion (Vol. 4). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
30.
RiseJ.SheeranP.HukkelbergS. (2010). The role of self-identity in the theory of Planned behavior: A meta-analysis. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 40, 1085–1105. doi:10.1111/j.1559-1816.2010.00611.x
31.
SchlaegelC.KoenigM. (2014). Determinants of entrepreneurial intent: A meta-analytic test and integration of competing models. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 38, 291–332. doi:10.1111/etap.12087
32.
ShaperoA.SokolL. (1982). Social dimensions of entrepreneurship. In KentC. A.SextonD. L.VesperK. H. (Eds.), The Encyclopedia of entrepreneurship (Vol. 7240, pp. 72–90). Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
33.
SmithI. H.WoodworthW. P. (2012). Developing social entrepreneurs and social innovators: A social identity and self-efficacy approach. Academy of Management Learning & Education, 11, 390–407. doi:10.5465/amle.2011.0016
34.
TajfelH.TurnerJ. (1979). An integrative theory of intergroup conflict. In AustinW. G.WorchelS. (Eds.), The social psychology of intergroup relations (pp. 33–48). Monterey, CA: Brooks/Cole.
35.
TerryD. J.HoggM. A. (1996). Group norms and the attitude-behavior relationship: A role for group identification. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 22, 776–793. doi:10.1177/0146167296228002
TurnerJ. C.HoggM. A.OakesP. J.ReicherS. D.WetherellM. S. (1987). Rediscovering the social group: A self-categorisation theory. Cambridge, MA: Basil Blackwell.
38.
WilsonF.KickulJ.MarlinoD. (2007). Gender, entrepreneurial self-efficacy, and entrepreneurial career intentions: Implications for entrepreneurship Education. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 31, 387–406. doi:10.1111/j.1540-6520.2007.00179.x
