The residual stresses in heat-treated 7075 aluminium alloy blocks have been characterised using two neutron diffraction strain scanning instruments. The influence of uniaxial cold compression on relieving the residual stress has been determined. Systematically increasing the magnitude of cold compression from 1 to 10% has been shown to have a small beneficial effect on the final residual stress distribution, by reducing the magnitude of the range in the triaxial residual stresses. The effect of an overaging precipitation treatment on the residual stress has also been characterised, and this was found to have a significant stress relieving influence (25–40%). A relationship between the width of the {311} diffraction peaks and the amount of cold compression was also observed.
Stewart-JonesET. Forgings in aluminium and magnesium. Proc. Conference on Heat Treatment of Engineering Components; 1969 Dec 17–18; London: Iron and Steel Institute; 1969. p. 83–101.
2.
RobinsonJS, RedingtonW. The influence of alloy composition on residual stresses in heat treated aluminium alloys. Mater Charact. 2015;105:47–55. doi: 10.1016/j.matchar.2015.04.017
3.
BeckerR, KarabinME, LiuJC, Distortion and residual stress in quenched aluminum bars. J Appl Mech. 1996;63(3):699–705. doi: 10.1115/1.2823352
4.
WithersPJ, BhadeshiaH. Overview – residual stress part 2 – nature and origins. Mater Sci Technol. 2001;17(4):366–375. doi: 10.1179/026708301101510087
5.
PrimeMB, HillMR. Residual stress, stress relief, and inhomogeneity in aluminum plate. Scr Mater. 2002;46(1):77–82. doi: 10.1016/S1359-6462(01)01201-5
6.
MyerRT, KilpatrickSA, BackusWE. Stress-relief of aluminium for aircraft. Metal Progress. 1959;3:112–115.
7.
KleintRE, JanneyFG. Stress relief in aluminum forgings. Light Met Age. 1958;2:14–21.
8.
Anon. International alloy designations and chemical composition limits for wrought aluminum and wrought aluminum alloys(registration record series). Washington ( DC): The Aluminum Association Inc.; 1997.
9.
BetteridgeW. The relief of internal stresses in aluminum alloys by cold working. Symposium on internal stresses in metals and alloys; 1947 October 15–16; London: Institute of Metals; 1948. p. 171–177.
10.
AltschulerY, KaatzT, CinaB. Mechanical relaxation of residual stresses. ASTM STP 993; 1988. p. 19–29.
11.
TreutingRG, ReadWT. A mechanical determination of biaxial residual stress in sheet materials. J Appl Phys. 1951;22(2):130–134. doi: 10.1063/1.1699913
12.
DieterGE. Mechanical metallurgy. London: McGraw-Hill Book Company; 1988.
13.
YangX, ZhuJ, NongZ, FEM simulation of quenching process in A357 aluminum alloy cylindrical bars and reduction of quench residual stress through cold stretching process. Comput Mater Sci. 2013;69:396–413. doi: 10.1016/j.commatsci.2012.11.024
14.
CullityBD, StockSR. Elements of x-ray diffraction. Upper Saddle River ( NJ): Prentice Hall; 2001.
15.
LewisSJ, TrumanCE. Diffraction measurements for evaluating plastic strain in A533B ferritic steel – a feasibility study. J Phys D Appl Phys. 2010;43(26). doi: 10.1088/0022-3727/43/26/265501
16.
DieterGE. Hot compression testing. In: DieterGE, editor. Handbook of workability and process design. ASM International; 2003. p. 64–67.
17.
KrawitzAD. Neutron strain measurement. Mater Sci Technol. 2011;27(3):589–603. doi: 10.1179/1743284710Y.0000000029
18.
IS0/TTA3. Polycrystalline materials – determination of residual stresses by neutron diffraction. IS0/TTA3, International Standardisation Organisation; 2001.
19.
DCIT 21432. Non-destructive testing. Standard test method for determining of residual stresses by neutron diffraction. DD CEN ISO/TS 21432, British Standards Institute; 2005.
HutchingsMT, WithersPJ, HoldenTM, Introduction to the characterisation of residual stress by neutron diffraction. Vol. 424. Boca Raton, ( FL): CRC Press; 2005.
22.
WithersPJ, BhadeshiaH. Overview – residual stress part 1 – measurement techniques. Mater Sci Technol. 2001;17(4):355–365. doi: 10.1179/026708301101509980
23.
FitzpatrickME, FryAT, HoldwayP, Determination of residual stresses by X-ray diffraction. Vol. 52. NPL; 2002.
24.
NoyanIC, CohenJB. Residual stress [Measurement by diffraction and interpretation]. New York ( NY): Springer-Verlag; 1987.
25.
HaukVM, MacherauchE. A useful guide for X-ray stress evaluation (XSE). Adv X-ray Anal. 1983;27:81–89.
26.
ChobautN, RepperJ, PirlingT, Residual stress analysis in AA7449 as-quenched thick plates using neutrons and FE modelling. ICAA13: 13th International Conference on Aluminum Alloys. John Wiley & Sons; 2012. p. 285–291.
27.
ZhangH, LiangX, FuDF, Influence of quenchant factors on residual stresses in quenched 7075 aluminium-alloy thick plate. Heat Treat Met. 2003;30(3):61–64.
28.
RobinsonJS, TannerDA, van PetegemS, Influence of quenching and aging on residual stress in Al–Zn–Mg–Cu alloy 7449. Mater Sci Technol. 2012;28(4):420–430. doi: 10.1179/1743284711Y.0000000063
29.
RobinsonJS, TiernanPJ, KelleherJF. Effect of post-quench delay on stress relieving by cold compression for the aluminium alloy 7050. Mater Sci Technol. 2015;31(4):409–417. doi: 10.1179/1743284714Y.0000000571
30.
RobinsonJS, TannerDA. Residual stress development and relief in high strength aluminium alloys using standard and retrogression thermal treatments. Mater Sci Technol. 2003;19(4):512–518. doi: 10.1179/026708303225001939
31.
GodlewskiL, SuX, PollockT, The effect of aging on the relaxation of residual stress in cast aluminum. Metall Mater Trans A. 2013;44(10):4809–4818. doi: 10.1007/s11661-013-1800-1
32.
YoungerMS, EckelmeyerKH. Overcoming residual stresses and machining distortion in the production of aluminum alloy satellite boxes, SAND2007-6811. Albuquerque ( NM): Sandia National Laboratories; 2007.
33.
ZhanK, WuXY, JiangCH, Thermal relaxation behavior of residual stress and microstructure in shot peened S30432 steel at elevated temperatures. Mater Trans. 2012;53(6):1195–1198. doi: 10.2320/matertrans.M2012058
34.
VohringerO. Relaxation of residual stresses by annealing or mechanical treatment. In: Niku-LariA, editor. Advances in surface treatments technology-applications-effects. Pergamon Press; 1987. p. 367–396.
35.
CaceresCH, GriffithsJR, ReinerP. The influence of microstructure on the Bauschinger effect in an Al–Si–Mg casting alloy. Acta Mater. 1996;44(1):15–23. doi: 10.1016/1359-6454(95)00171-6
