The effects of pressure on dendritic growth kinetics of Mg–Al–Sn alloy were investigated using a ternary phase-field model coupled with thermodynamics with pressure effects and experiments. The results showed that the improved growth velocity and nucleation rate caused by pressure had the opposite effects on grain size. For one-grain growth, the dendrite was larger and more developed under pressure of 85 MPa than that under ambient pressure owing to larger thermodynamic driving force, and thus higher growth velocity. However, when nucleation was considered in multigrain growth case, the average grain size under pressure was smaller owing to less growth space. Growth velocity decreased with the increase in Sn content, on which pressure had no great influence.
SachdevaD, TiwariS, SundarrajS, Microstructure and corrosion characterization of squeeze cast AM50 magnesium alloys. Metall Mater Trans B. 2010;41(6):1375–1383.
2.
LuoAA, FuP, PengL, Solidification microstructure and mechanical properties of cast Magnesium-Aluminum-Tin alloys. Metall Mater Trans A. 2012;43(1):360–368.
3.
ShiX, LiD, LuoAA, Microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg-7Al-2Sn alloy processed by super vacuum die-casting. Metall Mater Trans A. 2013;44(10):4788–4799.
4.
HanZ, PanH, LiY, Study on pressurized solidification behavior and microstructure characteristics of squeeze casting magnesium alloy AZ91D. Metall Mater Trans B. 2015;46(1):328–336.
5.
SobczakJJ, DrenchevL, AsthanaR.Effect of pressure on solidification of metallic materials. Int J Cast Metal Res. 2012;25(1):1–14.
6.
SawadaT, TakemuraK, ShigematsuK, Dynamic pressure control for solution growth and its microgravity application. J Cryst Growth. 1996;158(3):328–335.
XuR.The effect of high pressure on solidification microstructure of Al–Ni–Y alloy. Mater Lett. 2005;59(22):2818–2820.
9.
GhomashchiMR, VikhrovA.Squeeze casting: an overview. J Mater Process Tech. 2000;101(1–3):1–9.
10.
YangYL, PengLM, FuPH, Study on microstructure of squeeze casting AZ91D alloy. Mater Sci Technol. 2011;27(1):189–193.
11.
YongMS, CleggAJ.Process optimisation for a squeeze cast magnesium alloy. J Mater Process Technol. 2004;145(1):134–141.
12.
MasoumiM, HuH.Influence of applied pressure on microstructure and tensile properties of squeeze cast magnesium Mg-Al-Ca alloy. Mater Sci Eng A. 2011;528(10–11):3589–3593.
13.
HenryH, YuA.Numerical simulation of squeeze cast magnesium alloy AZ91D. Model Simul Mater Sci Eng. 2002;10(1):1–11.
14.
KarP, LacombeJC, KossMB.Velocity and radius transients during pressure mediated dendritic growth of succinonitrile. Mater Sci Technol. 2004;20(10):1273–1280.
15.
SawadaT, TakemuraK, ShigematsuK, Effects of gravity on a free dendrite of NH4Cl grown by dynamic pressure control. J Cryst Growth. 1998;191(1–2):225–233.
16.
PatelGCM, MathewR, KrishnaP, Investigation of squeeze cast process parameters effects on secondary dendrite arm spacing using statistical regression and artificial neural network models. Procedia Technol. 2014;14:149–156.
17.
ZhangM, ZhangW, ZhaoH, Effect of pressure on microstructures and mechanical properties of Al-Cu-based alloy prepared by squeeze casting. Trans Nonferr Metal Soc China. 2007;17(3):496–501.
18.
WangF, MaQ, MengW, Experimental study on the heat transfer behavior and contact pressure at the casting-mold interface in squeeze casting of aluminum alloy. Int J Heat Mass Transfer. 2017;112:1032–1043.
19.
HanZ, HuangX, LuoAA, A quantitative model for describing crystal nucleation in pressurized solidification during squeeze casting. Scripta Mater. 2012;66(5):215–218.
20.
LacombeJC, KossMB, TennenhouseLA, The Clapeyron effect in succinonitrile: applications to crystal growth. J Cryst Growth. 1998;194(1):143–148.
21.
KossMB, LacombeJC, TennenhouseLA, Dendritic growth tip velocities and radii of curvature in microgravity. Metall Mater Trans A. 1999;30(12):3177–3190.
22.
KimSG, KimWT, SuzukiT.Phase-field model for binary alloys. Phys Rev E. 1999;60(6):7186–7197.
23.
KimSG.A phase-field model with antitrapping current for multicomponent alloys with arbitrary thermodynamic properties. Acta Mater. 2007;55(13):4391–4399.
24.
SteinbachI, PezzollaF, NestlerB, A phase field concept for multiphase systems. Physica D. 1996;94(3):135–147.
25.
OdeM, LeeJS, KimSG, Phase-field model for solidification of ternary alloys. ISIJ Int. 2000;40(9):870–876.
26.
EikenJ, BöttgerB, SteinbachI.Multiphase-field approach for multicomponent alloys with extrapolation scheme for numerical application. Phys Rev E. 2006;73(6):66122.
27.
KarmaA.Phase-Field formulation for quantitative modeling of alloy solidification. Phys Rev Lett. 2001;87(11):115701.
28.
EchebarriaB, FolchR, KarmaA, Quantitative phase-field model of alloy solidification. Phys Rev E. 2004;70(6):61604.
29.
KobayashiR.Modeling and numerical simulations of dendritic crystal growth. Physica D. 1993;63(3):410–423.
30.
BöttgerB, EikenJ, OhnoM, Controlling microstructure in magnesium alloys: a combined thermodynamic, experimental and simulation approach. Adv Eng Mater. 2006;8(4):241–247.
31.
BörzsönyiT, Tóth-KatonaT, BukaÁ, Dendrites regularized by spatially homogeneous time-periodic forcing. Phys Rev Lett. 1999;83(14):2853–2856.
32.
BörzsönyiT, Tóth-KatonaT, BukaÁ, Regular dendritic patterns induced by nonlocal time-periodic forcing. Phys Rev E. 2000;62(6):7817–7827.
33.
ShangS, GuoZ, HanZ.On the kinetics of dendritic sidebranching: A three dimensional phase field study. J Appl Phys. 2016;119(16):164305.
34.
BroshE, MakovG, ShneckRZ.Application of CALPHAD to high pressures. Calphad. 2007;31(2):173–185.
35.
JieJC, ZouCM, BroshE, Microstructure and mechanical properties of an Al–Mg alloy solidified under high pressures. J Alloy Compd. 2013;578:394–404.
36.
ShangS, HanZ, SunW, A phase field model coupled with pressure-effect-embedded thermodynamic modeling for describing microstructure and microsegregation in pressurized solidification of a ternary magnesium alloy. Comp Mater Sci. 2017;136:264–270.
37.
PanH, HanZ, LiuB.Study on dendritic growth in pressurized solidification of Mg–Al alloy using phase field simulation. J Mater Sci Technol. 2016;32(1):68–75.
