In the present work, V2O5 thin films were fabricated with both commercial and solution combustion synthesised V2O5 resorting to a single spin coating sol–gel deposition. Structural and morphological properties of V2O5 powder were investigated first, subsequently followed by a detailed investigation of the optical and electrochemical properties of thin films. The film, which was coated from as-synthetised powder onto corning substrate had a transparency of greater than 85% in the visible region for sol–gels exhibited absorption edges at ∼380 nm. The optical band-gap energy was evaluated to be 2.7 eV, while the coloration efficiency of this film was found to be 36.8 cm2 C−1. The film thickness range of 100–300 nm was demonstrated in 1-layer. The main properties of the afore discussed thin films provide further encouragement for application in future nanoscale (opto-) electronic devices as they are reproducible, cost-effective, and quick to fabricate.
IngoleRS, LokhandeBJ.Effect of pyrolysis temperature on structural, morphological and electrochemical properties of vanadium oxide thin films. J Anal Appl Pyrolysis[Internet]. 2016;120:434–440. doi: 10.1016/j.jaap.2016.06.015
2.
KaidMA.Characterization of electrochromic vanadium pentoxide thin films prepared by spray pyrolysis. Egypt J Solids. 2006;29:273–291.
3.
AugustynV.Tuning the interlayer of transition metal oxides for electrochemical energy storage. J Mater Res. 2017;32:2–15. doi: 10.1557/jmr.2016.337
KimTW, ParkSJ.Synthesis of reduced graphene oxide/thorn-like titanium dioxide nanofiber aerogels with enhanced electrochemical performance for supercapacitor. J Colloid Interface Sci. 2017;486:287–295. doi: 10.1016/j.jcis.2016.10.007
8.
NishiyamaK, SasanoJ, YokoyamaS, Electrochemical preparation of tungsten oxide hydrate films with controlled bandgap energy. Thin Solid Films. 2017;625:29–34. doi: 10.1016/j.tsf.2017.01.044
9.
IsberS, MajdalaniE, TabbalM, Study of manganese oxide thin films grown by pulsed laser deposition. Thin Solid Films. 2009;517:1592–1595. doi: 10.1016/j.tsf.2008.09.097
10.
WuH, LianK.Vanadium oxide electrode synthesized by electroless deposition for electrochemical capacitors. J Power Sources. 2014;271:534–537. doi: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2014.08.034
11.
Vasanth RajD, PonpandianN, MangalarajD, Effect of annealing and electrochemical properties of sol-gel dip coated nanocrystalline V2O5 thin films. Mater Sci Semicond Process. 2013;16:256–262. doi: 10.1016/j.mssp.2012.11.001
12.
MargoniMM, MathuriS, RamamurthiK, Sprayed vanadium pentoxide thin films: Influence of substrate temperature and role of HNO3 on the structural, optical, morphological and electrical properties. Appl Surf Sci. 2017;418:280–290. doi: 10.1016/j.apsusc.2017.02.039
13.
PatilCE, TarwalNL, ShindePS, Synthesis of electrochromic vanadium oxide by pulsed spray pyrolysis technique and its properties. J Phys D Appl Phys. 2009;42:1–7.
14.
JagadeeshA, RattanTM, MuralikrishnaM, Instant one step synthesis of crystalline nano V2O5 by solution combustion method showing enhanced negative temperature coefficient of resistance. Mater Lett. 2014;121:133–136. doi: 10.1016/j.matlet.2014.01.080
15.
MjejriI, SediriF.Synthesis and electrochemical performance of hierarchical nano-vanadium oxide. J Colloid Interface Sci. 2016;480:191–197. doi: 10.1016/j.jcis.2016.07.027
16.
LiuY, GuanD, GaoG, Enhanced electrochemical performance of electrospun V2O5 nanotubes as cathodes for lithium ion batteries. J Alloys Compd. 2017;726:922–929. doi: 10.1016/j.jallcom.2017.07.214
DouY, LiangX, GaoG, Template-free synthesis of porous V2O5 yolk-shell microspheres as cathode materials for lithium ion batteries. J Alloys Compd. 2018;735:109–116. doi: 10.1016/j.jallcom.2017.10.264
19.
GiannettaHMR, CalazaC, LamasDG, Electrical transport properties of V2O5 thin films obtained by thermal annealing of layers grown by RF magnetron sputtering at room temperature. Thin Solid Films. 2015;589:730–734. doi: 10.1016/j.tsf.2015.06.048
20.
ZhangSB, ZuoDW, LuWZ.Influence of film thickness on structural and optical-switching properties of vanadium pentoxide films. Surf Eng. 2017;33:292–298. doi: 10.1080/02670844.2016.1252897
21.
AshrafiMA, RanjbarM, KalhoriH, Pulsed laser deposition of Mo-V-O thin films for chromogenic applications. Thin Solid Films. 2017;621:220–228. doi: 10.1016/j.tsf.2016.11.041
22.
KangM, ChuM, KimSW, Optical and electrical properties of V2O5 nanorod films grown using an electron beam. Thin Solid Films. 2013;547:198–201. doi: 10.1016/j.tsf.2013.03.060
23.
SahanaMB, SudakarC, ThapaC, Electrochemical properties of V2O5 thin films deposited by spin coating. Mater Sci Eng B Solid-State Mater Adv Technol. 2007;143:42–50. doi: 10.1016/j.mseb.2007.08.002
24.
ArunaST, MukasyanAS.Combustion synthesis and nanomaterials. Curr Opin Solid State Mater Sci. 2008;12:44–50. doi: 10.1016/j.cossms.2008.12.002
YilmazE.2017. Thin film coating of vanadium oxides produced by solution combustion synthesis its optical and electrochemical characterization. Istanbul [MSc thesis]. Istanbul Technical University, Graduate School of Science, Engineering and Technology.
27.
PatilKC, HegdeMS, RattanT, ArunaST.Chemistry of nanocrystalline oxide materials, combustion synthesis, properties and applications. Denver
: World Scientific Publishing; 2008. ISBN-13 978-981-279-314-0.
28.
NajdoskiM, KolevaV, StojkovikjS, Electrochromic thin films of sodium intercalated vanadium(V) oxide xerogels: chemical bath deposition and characterization. Surf Coatings Technol. 2015;277:308–317. doi: 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2015.07.041
29.
ZhaoL, MiaoL, TanemuraS, A low cost preparation of VO2 thin films with improved thermochromic properties from a solution-based process. Thin Solid Films. 2013;543:157–161. doi: 10.1016/j.tsf.2012.11.154
30.
ManningTD, ParkinIP, ClarkRJH, Intelligent window coatings: atmospheric pressure chemical vapour deposition of vanadium oxides. J Mater Chem. 2002;12:2936–2939. doi: 10.1039/b205427m
31.
MolaGT, ArbabEAA, TaleatuBA, Growth and characterization of V2O5 thin film on conductive electrode. J Microsc. 2017;265:214–221. doi: 10.1111/jmi.12490
32.
AlmoabadiA, AlsawaftaM, BadilescuS, Subzero temperature Dip-coating of Sol-Gel vanadium pentoxide: effect of the deposition temperature on the film structure, morphology, and electrochromic properties. J Nanomater. 2016.
33.
NovkovskiN, NajdoskiM.Light absorption mechanisms in sodium vanadium bronze thin films in electrochromic cells. Mater Chem Phys. 2014;148:759–763. doi: 10.1016/j.matchemphys.2014.08.045
34.
DenayerJ, AubryP, BisterG, Improved coloration contrast and electrochromic efficiency of tungsten oxide films thanks to a surfactant-assisted ultrasonic spray pyrolysis process. Sol Energy Mater Sol Cells. 2014;130:623–628. doi: 10.1016/j.solmat.2014.07.038
35.
ChenY, BiZ, LiX, High-Coloration efficiency electrochromic device based on novel Porous TiO2@prussian blue Core-Shell Nanostructures. Electrochim Acta. 2017;224:534–540. doi: 10.1016/j.electacta.2016.12.044
MadhuriKV, UthannaS, NaiduBS, Optical and electrical properties of (V2O5)1-x- (MoO3)x thin films. J Indian Inst Sci. 2001;81:653–658.
38.
Ramana CV, SmithRJ, HussainOM, Correlation between growth conditions, microstructure, and optical properties in pulsed-laser-deposited V2O5 thin films. Chem Mater. 2005;17:1213–1219. doi: 10.1021/cm048507m
39.
YaoJ, LiY, MasséRC, Revitalized interest in vanadium pentoxide as cathode material for lithium-ion batteries and beyond. Energy Storage Mater. 2018;11:205–259. doi: 10.1016/j.ensm.2017.10.014
40.
WuQH, ThißenA, JaegermannW.Photoelectron spectroscopic study of Na intercalation into V2O5 thin films. Solid State Ionics. 2004;167:155–163. doi: 10.1016/j.ssi.2003.12.016
41.
SunD, JinG, WangH, Aqueous rechargeable lithium batteries using NaV 6 O 15 nanoflakes as high performance anodes. J Mater Chem A. 2014;2:12999–13005. Available from: http://xlink.rsc.org/?DOI=C4TA01675 K. doi: 10.1039/C4TA01675K
42.
BenmoussaM, OutzourhitA, JourdaniR, Structural, optical and electrochromic properties of sol–gel V2O5 thin films. Act Pass Elec Comp. 2003;26(4):245–256. doi: 10.1080/0882751031000116223
43.
HuF, JiangW, DongY, Synthesis and electrochemical performance of NaV6O15 microflowers for lithium and sodium ion batteries. RSC Adv. 2017;7(47):29481–29488. doi: 10.1039/C7RA04388K
