In this study, a newly designed super ferritic stainless steel, 26Cr–4Mo–2Ni, was developed and heated to 800°C for different durations to study the precipitation behaviour of various intermetallic phases, which determined its final mechanical and corrosion resistance properties. The types, numbers and distribution of typical precipitates were investigated. Besides TiN and Nb(C,N), which are common phases formed in Ti- and Nb-stabilised ferritic stainless steel, the Laves, chi (χ) and sigma (σ) phases were also detected in the grain boundary and grain interiors, depending on the aging times . The study focused on the morphology and regularity of these intermetallic precipitates. And the effect of precipitation on the mechanical properties and the corrosion resistance were discussed.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
HsiaoZ. W.KuhnB.ChenD.SingheiserL.KuoJ. C.LinD. Y.: ‘Characterization of Laves phase in Crofer 22 H stainless steel’, Micron, 2015, 74, 59–64.
2.
SelloM. P.StumpfW. E.: ‘Laves phase precipitation and its transformation kinetics in the ferritic stainless steel type AISI 441’, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 2011, 528, (3), 1840–1847.
3.
EscribaD. M.Materna-MorrisE.PlautR. L.PadilhaA. F.: ‘Chi-phase precipitation in a duplex stainless steel’, Mater. Charact., 2009, 60, (11), 1214–1219.
4.
XuW.MartinD. S.del CastilloR. R. D.van der ZwaagS.: ‘Modelling and characterization of chi-phase grain boundary precipitation during aging of Fe–Cr–Ni–Mo stainless steel’, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 2007, 467, (1–2), 24–32.
5.
TanL.YangY.: ‘In situ phase transformation of Laves phase from Chi-phase in Mo-containing Fe–Cr–Ni alloys’, Mater. Lett., 2015, 158, 233–236.
6.
MaL.HanJ.ShenJ. Q.HuS. S.: ‘Effects of microalloying and heat-treatment temperature on the toughness of 26Cr–3.5Mo super ferritic stainless steels’, Acta Metall. Sin., 2014, 27, (3), 407–415.
7.
SieurinH.SandstromR.: ‘Sigma phase precipitation in duplex stainless steel 2205’, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 2007, 444, (1–2), 271–276.
8.
MichalskaJ.SozanskaM.: ‘Qualitative and quantitative analysis of σ and χ phases in 2205 duplex stainless steel’, Mater. Charact., 2006, 56, (4–5), 355–362.
9.
HsiehC. C.WuW. T.: ‘Discussing the precipitation behavior of σ phase using diffusion equation and thermodynamic simulation in dissimilar stainless steels’, J. Alloy. Compd., 2010, 506, (2), 820–825.
10.
FukudaT.: ‘Effect of titanium carbide precipitates on the ductility of 30 mass% chromium ferritic steels’, Mater. Trans., 2003, 44, (6), 1153–1158.
11.
YamagishiT.AkitaM.NakajimaM.UematsuY.TokajiK.: ‘Effect of σ-phase embrittlement on fatigue behaviour in high-chromium ferritic stainless steel’, Proc. Eng., 2010, 2, (1), 275–281.
12.
KoutsoukisT.RedjaimiaA.FourlarisG.: ‘Phase transformations and mechanical properties in heat treated superaustenitic stainless steels’, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 2013, 561, 477–485.
ChenT. H.YangJ. R.: ‘Effects of solution treatment and continuous cooling on σ-phase precipitation in a 2205 duplex stainless steel’, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 2001, 311, (1–2), 28–41.
15.
HeY. L.ZhuN. Q.LuX. G.LiL.: ‘Experimental and computational study on microstructural evolution in 2205 duplex stainless steel during high temperature aging’, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 2010, 528, (2), 721–729.
16.
QuH. P.LangY. P.ChenH. T.RongF.KangX. F.YangC. Q.QinH. B.: ‘The effect of precipitation on microstructure, mechanic properties and corrosion resistance of two UNS S44660 ferritic stainless steels’, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 2012, 534, 436–445.
17.
de AndradeT. F.KliaugaA. M.PlautR. L.PadihaA. F.: ‘Precipitation of Laves phase in a 28%Cr–4%Ni–2%Mo–Nb superferritic stainless steel’, Mater. Charact., 2008, 59, (5), 503–507.
18.
GuimaraesA. A.MeiP. R.: ‘Precipitation of carbides and sigma phase in AISI type 446 stainless steel under working conditions’, J. Mater. Process. Technol., 2004, 155–156, 1681–1689.
19.
YongG. L.: ‘Second phases in steel materials’; 2006, China, Metallurgical Industry Press.
20.
MichelicS. K.LoderD.ReipT.Ardehali BaraniA.BernhardC.: ‘Characterization of TiN, TiC and Ti(C,N) in titanium-alloyed ferritic chromium steels focusing on the significance of different particle morphologies’, Mater. Charact., 2015, 100, 61–67.
