A kinetic model was developed to investigate the evolution of inclusions during the Ca treatment of Al-killed steels. Evolutions of steel chemistry and inclusion composition in Al-killed Ca-treated steels from previous experimental works were accurately predicted using the current kinetic model. The model was widely used to predict the evolution of inclusions during the Ca treatment of Al-killed steels with varying concentrations of Al, S, O and Ca. During the Ca injection of Al-killed steels, a large number of CaS and CaO inclusions are transiently generated in the Ca-rich zone due to the excessive Ca. Al2O3 inclusions are gradually modified to calcium aluminates in the bulk steel with the addition of Ca. The superfluous Ca or S may lead to the formation of solid CaS in the liquid steel.
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