Toward Enhancing 12-Step Facilitation among Young People: A Systematic Qualitative Investigation of Young Adults’ 12-Step Experiences

Abstract

Background

12-Step Facilitation (TSF) interventions designed to enhance rates of engagement with 12-step mutual-help organizations (MHOs) have shown efficacy among adults, but research provides little guidance on how to adapt TSF strategies for young people.

Methods

To inform TSF strategies for youth, this study used qualitative methods to investigate the self-reported experiences of 12-step participation, and reasons for nonattendance and discontinuation among young adults (18–24 years; N = 302). Responses to open-ended questions following residential treatment were coded into rationally derived domains.

Results

Young adults reported that cohesiveness, belonging, and instillation of hope were the most helpful aspects of attending 12-step groups; meeting structure and having to motivate oneself to attend meetings were the most common aspects young adults liked least; logistical barriers and low recovery motivation and interest were the most common reasons for discontinued attendance; and perceptions that one did not have a problem or needed treatment were cited most often as reasons for never attending.

Conclusions

Findings may inform and enhance strategies intended to engage young people with community-based recovery-focused 12-step MHOs and ultimately improve recovery outcomes.

Keywords

Alcoholics Anonymous mutual-help organizations qualitative research self-help 12-step 12-step facilitation young adults

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