Synergistic effects of aluminium hypophosphite on the flame retardancy and thermal degradation behaviours of a novel intumescent flame retardant thermoplastic vulcanisate composite
Restricted accessResearch articleFirst published online July, 2019
Synergistic effects of aluminium hypophosphite on the flame retardancy and thermal degradation behaviours of a novel intumescent flame retardant thermoplastic vulcanisate composite
The synergistic effects of aluminum hypophosphite (AHP) on the flame retardancy, thermal degradation behaviors of a novel intumescent flame retardant thermoplastic vulcanizate (TPV/IFR) composite were investigated. The results showed that the combination of AHP with IFR showed evident synergistic effects on the increase in the LOI value and reduction of the combustion parameters for the TPV/IFR/AHP composites at the optimum weight ratio of IFR/AHP (6/1) as evidenced by LOI, UL-94 and CCT. The TGA data revealed that AHP could change the degradation behavior of TPV/IFR composites and enhance the thermal stability of the TPV/IFR composites at high temperature. The results of FTIR, EDXS, LRS and SEM demonstrated that TPV/IFR/AHP composites could form more continuous, dense and stable char layer on the materials surface, and consequently improving the flame retardancy. Based on these results, the possible condensed flame retardant mechanism of TPV/IFR/AHP composites was concluded in detail.
GesslerAM, HaslettWH.Process for preparing a vulcanized blend of crystalline polypropylene and chlorinated butyl rubber. US, US 3037954 A. 1962.
2.
CoranAY, PatelRP.Rubber-thermoplastic compositions. Part I. EPDM-polypropylene thermoplastic vulcanizates. Rubber Chem Technol. 1980;53(1):141–150.
3.
Karger-KocsisJ.Thermoplastic rubbers via dynamic vulcanization. Polymer Alloys Blends. 1999;5:125–153.
4.
ZhaoXM, She-MaoWU, TianM, Study on EPDM/PP TPV. China Rubber Ind. 2006;7:397–401.
5.
WangZX, ZhaoY, JiangJC, Study on flame retardancy of EPDM/PP thermoplastic vulcanizates. Henan Chem Ind. 2012;20:14–15, 36.
6.
LuH, YangW, ZhouS, Preparation and flammability of EPDM/PP/Mg(OH)2 dynamic vulcanizates. Polym Adv Technol. 2010;21(2):113–117.
7.
WalongA, KaesamanA, SakaiT, Properties of fire retardant thermoplastic vulcanizates from NR/PP blends filled with aluminium trihydrate and magnesium hydroxide with reference to the effect of mixing methods. Adv Mater Res. 2013;844:297–300.
8.
ChenS, LiJ, ZhuY, Roles of anion of polyoxometalate-based ionic liquids in properties of intumescent flame retardant polypropylene. RSC Adv. 2014;4(62):32902–32913.
9.
LiuX, GuX, SunJ, Preparation and characterization of chitosan derivatives and their application as flame retardants in thermoplastic polyurethane. Carbohydr Polym. 2017;167:356–363.
10.
WangZ, LiuY, LiJ.Preparation of nucleotide-based microsphere and its application in intumescent flame retardant polypropylene. J Anal Appl Pyrolysis. 2016;121:394–402.
11.
WangZ, WuK, HuY.Study on flame retardance of co-microencapsulated ammonium polyphosphate and dipentaerythritol in polypropylene. Polymer Eng Sci. 2008;48(12):2426–2431.
12.
HuX, LiW, WangY.Synthesis and characterization of a novel nitrogen-containing flame retardant. J Appl Polym Sci. 2004;94(4):1556–1561.
13.
FengC, ZhangY, LiuS, Synthesis of novel triazine charring agent and its effect in intumescent flame-retardant polypropylene. J Appl Polym Sci. 2012;123(6):3208–3216.
14.
YangK, XuMJ, LiB.Synthesis of N-ethyl triazine–piperazine copolymer and flame retardancy andwater resistance of intumescent flame retardant polypropylene. Polymer Degrad Stab. 2013;98(7):1397–1406.
15.
SuX, YiY, TaoJ, Synergistic effect between a novel triazine charring agent and ammonium polyphosphate on flame retardancy and thermal behavior of polypropylene. Polymer Degrad Stab. 2014;105(1):12–20.
16.
LiB, XuM.Effect of a novel charring–foaming agent on flame retardancy and thermal degradation of intumescent flame retardant polypropylene. Polymer Degrad Stab. 2006;91(6):1380–1386.
17.
FengC, LiZ, LiangM, Preparation and characterization of a novel oligomeric charring agent and its application in halogen-free flame retardant polypropylene. J Anal Appl Pyrolysis. 2015;111:238–246.
18.
LaiX, YinC, LiH, Synergistic effect between silicone-containing macromolecular charring agent and ammonium polyphosphate in flame retardant polypropylene. J Appl Polym Sci. 2015;132(10):41580(1)–41580(10).
19.
FengC, ZhangY, LiangD, Flame retardancy and thermal degradation behaviors of polypropylene composites with novel intumescent flame retardant and manganese dioxide. J Anal Appl Pyrolysis. 2013;104(11):59–67.
20.
FengC, ZhangY, LiuS, Synergistic effect of La2O3, on the flame retardant properties and the degradation mechanism of a novel PP/IFR system. Polymer Degrad Stab. 2012;97(5):707–714.
21.
LiuY, WangQ.Catalytic action of phospho-tungstic acid in the synthesis of melamine salts of pentaerythritol phosphate and their synergistic effects in flame retarded polypropylene. Polymer Degrad Stab. 2006;91(10):2513–2519.
22.
FengC, ZhangY, LiangD, Influence of zinc borate on the flame retardancy and thermal stability of intumescent flame retardant polypropylene composites. J Anal Appl Pyrolysis. 2015;115:224–232.
23.
DemirH, ArkışE, BalköseD, Synergistic effect of natural zeolites on flame retardant additives. Polymer Degrad Stab. 2005;89(3):478–483.
24.
FengC, ZhangY, LiuS, Synergistic effects of 4A zeolite on the flame retardant properties and thermal stability of a novel halogen-free PP/IFR composite. Polym Adv Technol. 2013;24(5):478–486.
25.
LiN, XiaY, MaoZ, Synergistic effect of SiO2 on intumescent flame-retardant polypropylene. Polym Polym Compos. 2013;21(7):439–448.
26.
WangX, XuanS, SongL, Synergistic effect of POSS on mechanical properties, flammability, and thermal degradation of intumescent flame retardant polylactide composites. J Macromol Sci, Part B. 2012;51(2):255–268.
27.
YiJ, YinH, CaiX.Effects of common synergistic agents on intumescent flame retardant polypropylene with a novel charring agent. J Therm Anal Calorim. 2013;111(1):725–734.
28.
XuMJ, WangJ, DingYH, Synergistic effects of aluminum hypophosphite on intumescent flame retardant polypropylene system. Chin J Polym Sci. 2015;33(2):318–328.
29.
ZhouX, LiJ, WuY.Synergistic effect of aluminum hypophosphite and intumescent flame retardants in polylactide. Polym Adv Technol. 2015;26(3):255–265.
30.
LewinM.Synergism and catalysis in flame retardancy of polymers. Polym Adv Technol. 2001;12(3-4):215–222.
31.
WangDY, CaiXX, QuMH, Preparation and flammability of a novel intumescent flame-retardant poly(ethylene-co-vinyl acetate) system. Polymer Degrad Stab. 2008;93(12):2186–2192.
32.
SongYP, WangDY, WangXL, A method for simultaneously improving the flame retardancy and toughness of PLA. Polym Adv Technol. 2011;22(12):2295–2301.
33.
ChenX, SongW, LiuJ, Synergistic flame-retardant effects between aluminum hypophosphite and expandable graphite in silicone rubber composites. J Thermal Anal Calorim. 2015;120(3):1819–1826.
34.
ParkS, KimH.Thermal stability and toughening of epoxy resin with polysulfone resin. J Polym Sci, Part B: Polym Phys. 2001;39(1):121–128.
35.
ShenY, GongW, ZhengB, Synergistic effect of Ni-based bimetallic catalyst with intumescent flame retardant on flame retardancy and thermal stability of polypropylene. Polymer Degrad Stab. 2016;129:114–124.
36.
DongQ, LiuM, DingY, Synergistic effect of DOPO immobilized silica nanoparticles in the intumescent flame retarded polypropylene composites. Polym Adv Technol. 2013;24(8):732–739.
37.
FengC, LiangM, ChenW, Flame retardancy and thermal degradation of intumescent flame retardant EVA composite with efficient charring agent. J Anal Appl Pyrolysis. 2015;113:266–273.
38.
TuinstraF, Koenig JL.Characterization of graphite fiber surfaces with Raman spectroscopy. J Compos Mater. 1970;4(4):492–499.
39.
ZhaoX, GaoS, LiuG.A THEIC-based polyphosphate melamine intumescent flame retardant and its flame retardancy properties for polylactide. J Anal Appl Pyrolysis. 2016;122:24–34.
40.
YanYW, ChenL, JianRK, Intumescence: an effect way to flame retardance and smoke suppression for polystryene. Polymer Degrad Stab. 2012;97(8):1423–1431.
41.
YiJS, LuCX, RenXC, Synergistic flame retardant effect of adjuvant on the ABS/APP/PETA system. J Chem Eng Chin Univ. 2011;25(2):319–324.
