Various thermal protective ablative materials (TPAM) have been extensively studied. However, there are few reports on the thermal stability, the ablation properties and ceramisation of vitreous silica fabric reinforced boron phenolic resin composites with an incorporation of MoSi2 (VMBPR) and their bending strength after ablation. At this work, the above performances of the composites were characterised and analysed. Results reveal that the addition of MoSi2 decreases the graphitisation temperature of glass carbon of BPR pyrolysis, promoting the formation of a more ordered structure of the glassy carbon during pyrolysis. Furthermore, compared with the composites without MoSi2 (VBPR), the linear and the mass ablation rate of VMBPR composites decrease by about 94.46% and 39.09%, and its room temperature bending strength after static ablation at 1400°C for 20 min is more than twice that of the fused fibre aggregation formed by VBPR composites. This is attributed to the ceramisation reaction of VMBPR composites at high temperature.
GuoM, LiJ, XiK, Effect of multi-walled carbon nanotubes on thermal stability and ablation properties of EPDM insulation materials for solid rocket motors. Acta Astronaut. 2019; 159: 508–516.
2.
JieD, TaoY, HuangZ, Thermal stability and ablation resistance, and ablation mechanism of carbon–phenolic composites with different zirconium silicide particle loadings. Composites Part B. 2018; 154: 313–320.
3.
ChenY, SunW, XiongX, Microstructure, thermophysical properties, and ablation resistance of C/HfC-ZrC-SiC composites. Ceram Int. 2019; 45 ( 4 ): 4685–4691.
4.
ShanL, YueH, ChenF, The effect of structure on thermal stability and anti-oxidation mechanism of silicone modified phenolic resin. Polym Degrad Stab. 2016; 124: 68–76.
5.
WangS, YongW, ChengB, The thermal stability and pyrolysis mechanism of boron-containing phenolic resins: the effect of phenyl borates on the char formation. Appl Surf Sci. 2015; 331: 519–529.
6.
NataliM, MontiM, PugliaD, Ablative properties of carbon black and MWNT/phenolic composites: a comparative study. Compos Part A: Appl Sci Manuf. 2012; 43 ( 1 ): 174–182.
7.
PulciG, TirillòJ, MarraF, Carbon–phenolic ablative materials for re-entry space vehicles: manufacturing and properties. Compos Part A: Appl Sci Manuf. 2010; 41 ( 10 ): 1483–1490.
8.
PattonRD, PittmanCU, WangL, Ablation, mechanical and thermal conductivity properties of vapor grown carbon fiber/phenolic matrix composites. Compos Part A: Appl Sci Manuf. 2002; 33 ( 2 ): 243–251.
9.
SabaghS, Aref AzarA, BahramianAR.High temperature ablation and thermo-physical properties improvement of carbon fiber reinforced composite using graphene oxide nanopowder. Compos Part A: Appl Sci Manuf. 2017; 101: 326–333.
10.
WangZ-J, KwonD-J, GuG-Y, Ablative and mechanical evaluation of CNT/phenolic composites by thermal and microstructural analyses. Compos Part B: Appl Sci Manuf. 2014; 60: 597–602.
11.
PulciG, PagliaL, GenovaV, Low density ablative materials modified by nanoparticles addition: manufacturing and characterization. Compos Part A: Appl Sci Manuf. 2018; 109: 330–337.
12.
AbdallaMO, LudwickA, MitchellT.Boron-modified phenolic resins for high performance applications. Polymer (Guildf). 2003; 44 ( 24 ): 7353–7359.
13.
LiS, ChenF, ZhangB, Structure and improved thermal stability of phenolic resin containing silicon and boron elements. Polym Degrad Stab. 2016; 133: 321–329.
14.
MansouriJ, BurfordRP, ChengYB.Pyrolysis behaviour of silicone-based ceramifying composites. Mater Sci Eng A. 2006; 425 ( 1 ): 7–14.
15.
DingJ, SunJ, HuangZ, Improved high-temperature mechanical property of carbon-phenolic composites by introducing titanium diboride particles. Compos Part B: Appl Sci Manuf. 2019; 157: 289–294.
16.
JieD, HuangZ, YanQ, Improved ablation resistance of carbon–phenolic composites by introducing zirconium silicide particles. Compos Part B. 2015; 82: 100–107.
17.
GhelichR, AghdamRM, JahannamaMR, Elevated temperature resistance of SiC-carbon/phenolic nanocomposites reinforced with zirconium diboride nanofibers. J Compos Mater. 2017; 52 ( 9 ): 1239–1251.
18.
DhakateSR, BahlP, SaharePD.Oxidation behavior of PAN based carbon fiber reinforced phenolic resin matrix composites. J Mater Sci Lett. 2000; 19 ( 21 ): 1959–1961.
19.
DhakateSR, RamanV, DhamiTL, Synthesis of methyltriethoxysilane (MTEOS) derived SiC incorporated carbon–carbon composites. J Mater Sci Lett. 2001; 20 ( 9 ): 811–813.
20.
CaoZ, PengB.Study on energy efficiency of sintering process of high silica glass fiber products. Fiber Glass. 2013; 2: 7–10.
21.
ChoeJ, KimM, KimJ, A microwave foaming method for fabricating glass fiber reinforced phenolic foam. Compos Struct. 2016; 152: 239–246.
22.
ZhuQ, ShobuK.High-temperature fracture toughness of SiC-Mo5Si3C composite. J Mater Sci Lett. 2000; 19 ( 17 ): 1529–1531.
23.
ChenH, QinMA, SongQX.Carbonation behavior of MoSi_2 at high temperature. Chin J Nonferr Met. 2010; 20 ( 8 ): 1618–1622.
24.
PengLM, WangJ-H, LiH, Synthesis and mechanical properties of ternary molybdenum carbosilicide and its composite. J Mater Sci. 2005; 10: 2705–2707.
25.
IgnatS, SallamandP, NichiciA, MoSi2 laser cladding—a new experimental procedure: double-sided injection of MoSi2 and ZrO2. Surf Coat Technol. 2003; 172 ( 2 ): 233–241.
26.
ZhengL, JinY, LiP.High-temperature mechanical behavior and microstructure of SiC-whisker-reinforced MoSi2 composites. Compos Sci Technol. 1997; 57 ( 4 ): 463–469.
27.
ZhangXL, HuangST, GaoPZ.Research progress on preparation and properties of SiC-MoSi_2 composite. Bull Chin Ceram Soc. 2013; 32 ( 12 ): 2520–2527.
28.
ChenX, ShujieLI, YanL, Curing and pyrolysis of boron-modified phenolic resin. Acta Mater Compos Sin. 2011; 28 ( 5 ): 89–95.
29.
TrickKA, SalibaTE.Mechanisms of the pyrolysis of phenolic resin in a carbon/phenolic composite. Carbon N Y. 1995; 33 ( 11 ): 1509–1515.
30.
MeschterPJ.Low-temperature oxidation of molybdenum disilicide. Metall Trans A. 1992; 23 ( 6 ): 1763–1772.
31.
AliM, LiwaM.Modification of parameters in mechanochemical synthesis to obtain- and -molybdenum disilicide. Adv Powder Technol. 2013; 24 ( 1 ): 183–189.
32.
ZhuQ, ShobuK, TaniE, Oxidation behavior of Mo≤5Si3C≤1 and its composites. J Mater Sci. 2000; 35 ( 4 ): 863–872.
33.
ÇamurluHE.Preparation of single phase molybdenum boride. J Alloys Compd. 2011; 509 ( 17 ): 5431–5436.
34.
SwartzW, HerculesDM.X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy of molybdenum compounds. Use of electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis (ESCA) in quantitative analysis. Anal Chem. 2002; 43 ( 13 ): 1774–1779.
35.
RuedaF, MendialduaJ, RodriguezA, Characterization of Venezuelan laterites by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. J Electron Spectrosc Relat Phenom. 1996; 82 ( 3 ): 135–143.
36.
TaylorJA, LancasterGM, IgnatievA, Interactions of ion beams with surfaces. reactions of nitrogen with silicon and its oxides. J Chem Phys. 1978; 68 ( 4 ): 1776–1784.
37.
GouinX, GrangeP, BoisL, Characterization of the nitridation process of boric acid. J Alloys Compd. 1995; 224 ( 1 ): 22–28.
38.
HandzlikJ, OgonowskiJ, StochJ, Comparison of metathesis activity of catalysts prepared by anchoring of MoO 2 (acac) 2 on various supports. Catal Letters. 2005; 101 ( 1-2 ): 65–69.
39.
GanGY, SunJL, ChenJC, Evaluation of Gibbs free energy of intermetallic compound Mo5Si3C. Rare Met Mater Eng. 2001; 30 ( 1 ): 8–10.
40.
SadezkyA, MuckenhuberH, GrotheH, Raman microspectroscopy of soot and related carbonaceous materials: spectral analysis and structural information. Carbon N Y. 2005; 43 ( 8 ): 1731–1742.
41.
PawlytaM, RouzaudJ-N, DuberS.Raman microspectroscopy characterization of carbon blacks: spectral analysis and structural information. Carbon N Y. 2015; 84: 479–490.
