In the production of brake pad composites, a well-designed new composition formulation plays a key role in improving performance. The purpose of this study; was to investigate the effectiveness of a specifically developed formulation under brake-test conditions. The composition of the brake lining consists of 18 powder materials. As the friction adjuster, Petro-coke powder was used instead of Cashew, which is cheaper and more readily available. The wear tests were carried out in a special design test device simulated close to the real environment. The results obtained have been compared with commercial brake pads. The friction coefficient values decrease with increasing disc temperatures. Brake tests showed that as a friction modifier, petro-coke provided a more effective stabilizer for the friction coefficient and improved the specific wear rate. Also the study can be utilized effectively in determining the friction coefficient and the specific wear rate of designed brake composites.
WuY, LiuY, ChenH.An investigation into the failure mechanism of severe abrasion of high-speed train brake discs on snowy days. Eng Fail Anal. 2019; 101: 121–134.
2.
SingaraveluDL, RaghMR, VijayR. Development and performance evaluation of eco-friendly crab shell powder based brake pads for automotive applications. Int J Automot Mech Eng. 2019; 16 ( 2 ): 6502–6523.
3.
OehlK, PaulH.Brake linings for road vehicles: development and testing. Berlin, Germany: Verlag Mod Ind., AG & Co; 1991.
4.
GediktasM.Experimental Determination of friction materials properties. Mach Faculty. 1968: 12–40.
5.
ArmanM, SinghalS, ChopraP. A review on material and wear analysis of automotive break Pad. Mater Today: Proc. 2018; 5 ( 14 ): 28305–28312.
6.
ErikssonM, LordJ, JacobsonS.Wear and contact conditions of brake pads: dynamical in situ studies of pad on glass. Wear. 2001; 249 ( 3-4 ): 272–278.
7.
ErikssonM, BergmanF, JacobsonS.On the nature of tribological contact in automotive brakes. Wear. 2002; 252 ( 1-2 ): 26–36.
8.
El-TayebN, LiewK, VenkateshV.Evaluation of new frictional brake pad materials.: Proc Int Con Manuf Sci Techn; 2006.
9.
VijayR, ManoharanS.Influence of natural barytes purity levels on the tribological characteristics of non-asbestos brake pads. Ind Lub Tribol. 2019; 72 ( 3 ): 349–358.
MutluI, OnerC, FindikF.Boric acid effect in phenolic composites on tribological properties in brake linings. Mater Des. 2007; 28 ( 2 ): 480–487.
15.
BakloutiM, CristolAL, DesplanquesY. Impact of the glass fibers addition on tribological behavior and braking performances of organic matrix composites for brake lining. Wear. 2015; 330-331: 507–514.
16.
ThiyagarajanV, KalaichelvanK, VijayR. Influence of thermal conductivity and thermal stability on the fade and recovery characteristics of non-asbestos semi-metallic disc brake pad. J Braz Soc Mech Sci Eng. 2016; 38 ( 4 ): 1207–1219.
17.
TalibR, MuchtarA, AzhariCH.Microstructural characteristics on the surface and subsurface of semimetallic automotive friction materials during braking process. J Mater Process Tech. 2003; 140 ( 1-3 ): 694–699.
18.
AranganathanN, BijweJ.Development of copper-free eco-friendly brake-friction material using novel ingredients. Wear. 2016; 352-353: 79–91.
19.
ÖsterleW, UrbanI.Third body formation on brake pads and rotors. Tribol Int. 2006; 39 ( 5 ): 401–408.
20.
JackoM, TsangP, RheeS.Wear debris compaction and friction film formation of polymer composites. Wear. 1989; 133 ( 1 ): 23–38.
21.
NeisPD, FerreiraNF, FeketeG. Towards a better understanding of the structures existing on the surface of brake pads. Tribol Int. 2017; 105: 135–147.
22.
RajanBS, SaibalajiM, MohideenSR.Tribological performance evaluation of epoxy modified phenolic FC reinforced with chemically modified prosopis juliflora bark fiber. Mater Res Express. 2019; 6 ( 7 ): 1–11.
23.
LiewKW, NirmalU.Frictional performance evaluation of newly designed brake pad materials. Materials & Design. 2013; 48: 25–33.
24.
ÖsterleW, PrietzelC, DmitrievAI.Investigation of surface film nanostructure and assessment of its impact on friction force stabilization during automotive braking. Int J Mater Res. 2010; 101 ( 5 ): 669–675.
25.
ChoMH, KimSJ, KimD. Effects of ingredients on tribological characteristics of a brake lining: an experimental case study. Wear. 2005; 258 ( 11 ): 1682–1687.
26.
TianX, YinY.Effects of ceramic fiber on the friction performance of automotive brake lining materials. Tribol Trans. 2008; 51 ( 6 ): 779–783.
27.
KumarM, BijweJ.Optimized selection of metallic fillers for best combination of performance properties of friction materials: a comprehensive study. Wear. 2013; 303 ( 1 ): 569–583.
28.
SinghT, PatnaikA, ChauanR, Assessment of braking performance of lapinus–wollastonite fibre reinforced friction composite materials. J King Saud U Eng Sci. 2017; 29 ( 2 ): 183–190.
29.
RajanBS, BalajiMAS, Mohamed Aslam NooraniAB. Tribological performance evaluation of newly synthesized silane treated shell powders in friction composites. Mater Res Express. 2019; 6 ( 6 ): 1–25.
30.
DadkarN, TomarBS, SatapathyBK.Evaluation of flyash-filled and aramid fibre reinforced hybrid polymer matrix composites (PMC) for friction braking applications. Mater Des. 2009; 30 ( 10 ): 4369–4376.
31.
RashidB, LemanZ, JawaidM. Dry sliding wear behavior of untreated and treated sugar palm fiber filled phenolic composites using factorial technique. Wear. 2017; 380-381: 26–35.
32.
SathickbashaK, SelvakumarAS, BalajiMAS. The dual role of metal sulfides as lubricant and abrasive: an interface study in friction composite. Mater Res Express. 2019; 6 ( 4 ): 1–10.
33.
SinghT, PatnaikA.Performance assessment of lapinus–aramid based brake pad hybrid phenolic composites in friction braking. Arch Civ Mech Eng. 2015; 15 ( 1 ): 151–161.
SinghT, TiwariA, PatnaikA. Influence of wollastonite shape and amount on tribo-performance of non-asbestos organic brake friction composites. Wear. 2017; 386-387: 157–164.
36.
VermaC, MenapaceL, BonfantiA.Braking pad-disc system: wear mechanisms and formation of wear fragments. Wear. 2015; 322-323: 251–258.
37.
ÖktemH, UygurI.Advanced friction–wear behavior of organic brake pads using a newly developed system. Tribol Trans. 2019; 62 ( 1 ): 51–61.
38.
AkıncıoğluG, ÖktemH, UygurI.Determination of friction-wear performance and properties of Eco-friendly brake pads reinforced with hazelnut shell and boron dusts. Arab J Sci Eng. 2018; 43 ( 9 ): 4727–4737.
39.
SingaraveluDL, VijayR, FilipP.Influence of various cashew friction dusts on the fade and recovery characteristics of non-asbestos copper free brake friction composites. Wear. 2019; 426-427: 1129–1141.
40.
TomášekV, KratošováG, YunR. Effects of alumina in nonmetallic brake friction materials on friction performance. J Mater Sci. 2009; 44 ( 1 ): 266–273.
41.
SAE. Surface vehicle recommended practice, in definitions and experimental measures related to the specification of driver visual behavior using video based techniques. 2000, Society of Automotive Engineers: Warrendale, Pa, USA. p. 1–11.
FedericiM, AlemaniM, MenapaceC. A critical comparison of dynamometer data with pin-on-disc data for the same two friction material pairs–A case study. Wear. 2019; 424-425: 40–47.
44.
ManoharanS, VijayR, Lenin SingaraveluD. Experimental investigation on the tribo-thermal properties of brake friction materials containing various forms of graphite: a comparative study. Arab J Sci Eng. 2019; 44 ( 2 ): 1459–1473.
45.
WeiL, ChoyY, CheungC.A study of brake contact pairs under different friction conditions with respect to characteristics of brake pad surfaces. Tribology International. 2019; 138: 99–110.
46.
ManoharanS, KrishnanG.S, BabuG.L, Synergistic effect of red mud-iron sulfide particles on fade-recovery characteristics of non-asbestos organic brake friction composites. Mater Res Express. 2019; 6 ( 10 ): 1–11.
47.
OstermeyerGJW.On the dynamics of the friction coefficient. Wear. 2003; 254 ( 9 ): 852–858.
48.
QiHS, DayAJJW.Investigation of disc/pad interface temperatures in friction braking. Wear. 2007; 262 ( 5-6 ): 505–513.
49.
VijayR, Lenin SingaraveluD, FilipP.Influence of molybdenum disulfide particle size on friction and wear characteristics of non-asbestos-based copper-free brake friction composites. Surf Rev Lett. 2020; 27 ( 01 ): 1–20.
