Anti-CD4-Binding Domain Antibodies Complexed with HIV Type 1 Glycoprotein 120 Inhibit CD4 + T Cell-Proliferative Responses to Glycoprotein 120

HIV-specific CD4⁺ helper T cell responses, particularly to the envelope glycoproteins, are usually weak or absent in the majority of HIV-seropositive individuals. Since antibodies, by their capacity to alter antigen uptake and processing, are known to have modulatory effects on CD4⁺ T cell responses, we investigated the effect of antibodies produced by HIV-infected individuals on the CD4⁺ T cell response to HIV-1 gp120. Proliferative responses of gp120-specific CD4⁺ T cells were inhibited in the presence of either serum immunoglobulin from HIV-infected individuals or human monoclonal antibodies specific for the CD4-binding domain (CD4bd) of gp120. Human monoclonal antibodies to other gp120 epitopes did not have the same effect. The anti-CD4bd antibodies complexed with gp120 suppressed T cell lines specific for varying gp120 epitopes but did not affect T cell proliferation to non-HIV antigens. Moreover, inhibition by the anti-CD4bd/gp120 complexes was observed regardless of the types of antigen-presenting cells used to stimulate the T cells. These results indicate that the presence of anti-CD4bd antibodies complexed with gp120 can strongly suppress CD4⁺ helper T responses to gp120.