Expression of Cell Adhesion Molecules at the Surface of in Vitro Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1-Infected Human Monocytes: Relationships with Tumor Necrosis Factor α,Interleukin 1β,and Interleukin 6 Syntheses

Further evidence suggests that cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) expressed on the surface of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-infected cells are regulated during lentiviral infection. To address this hypothesis we have investigated the kinetic pattern of CAM expression at the surface of HIV-1_Ba-L-infected human monocytes during the first 72 hr of infection. A significantly lower expression of CD18 and CD54 as well as a decrease in CD44 expression level were observed at the surface of infected monocytes when compared with mock-infected cultures. No modification of CD11a, CD11b, CD11c, CD58, and CD62L expression was detected. Except for CD18, the expression of which at the cell surface is decreased, no modification of CD44 and CD54 expression was observed after heat-inactivated HIV-1 treatment of monocytes. Investigation of soluble forms of CAMs (sCAMs) and cytokine production in the culture supernatants of infected monocytes showed a peak of sCD44, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 release between 2 and 24 hr after infection. Treatment of monocytes with monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against CAMs showed that engagement of some CAMs may trigger TNF-α and IL-1β production. In addition, pretreatment of infected monocytes with a TNF-α synthesis inhibitor, RP 55778, or with MAbs directed against IL-1β, confirmed the role of TNF-α and IL-1β in the regulation of CD18, CD44, and CD54 expression.