Endourological Management of Upper-Tract Fungal Infection

Genitourinary fungal infections are often difficult to eradicate with antibiotics alone. We describe a case in which obstructive uropathy secondary to Candida albicans infection with superimposed Pseudomonas aeruginosa was controlled by percutaneous nephrostomy drainage and irrigation, percutaneous extraction of fungal masses, and systemic antibiotics and propose guidelines for the incorporation of endourological techniques into the treatment of renal candidiasis.