Abstract
Fragile X syndrome is the most common form of hereditary mental retardation. The molecular basis of this syndrome is mainly a CGG expansion in the 5′ untranslated region of the FMR1 gene. Expansions with more than 200 CGG repeats abolish gene expression causing the classical fragile X phenotype. Premutation carriers (55–200 CGG) have normal cognitive function with increased risk of developing premature ovarian failure and fragile X-associated tremor–ataxia syndrome (FXTAS). Some clinical features associated with FXTAS, such as tremor, gait ataxia, cognitive decline, and generalized brain atrophy, are also seen in other movement disorders. Ninety-five patients referred for HD, who tested negative for the expansion in the IT15 gene, were screened for FMR1 CGG-repeat expansion. One FMR1 premutation male carrier was detected, giving an FXTAS frequency of 1.6%. Our results highlight that FXTAS is still not well diagnosed; therefore, we recommend FMR1 premutation screenings in all patients with late-onset tremor, ataxia, and cognitive dysfunction.