Inhaled Particle Deposition in Unsteady-State Respiratory Flow at a Numerically Constructed Model of the Human Larynx

To evaluate the clinical effectiveness of aerosol therapy for the lower and upper respiratory airways, particle deposition at the human laryngeal region has been analyzed with various unsteady-state respiratory flow-patterns. The flow profiles and trajectory of aerosol particles were calculated by 3-D thermo-fluid analysis of a finite volume method (FVM) with 8-CPUs parallel computational system. A reconstructed physical model of the real laryngeal airways was modified from 3-D CAM modeling function of Rhinoceros based on the images of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). By using 104 MRI images taken vertically and horizontally at intervals of 2 mm on the oral cavity and the pharynx-larynx respectively, 3-D physical model of the laryngeal airways was obtained. The numerical results of flow profile analyzed by the unsteady-state respiration model showed that vortex flow was occurred with time at near larynx, showing uniform flow profile in both the oral cavity and upper side of pharynx. The vortex was appeared at the anterior part of the epiglottis and downward of the vocal cord. However, it was confirmed that few particles deposit in the vocal cord. In these cases, the particle deposition was taken place mostly at the oral cavity and the oropharynx. On the other hand, the relationship between the particle deposition efficiency and the impaction in the laryngeal region was well agreement with the data sets of ICRP task group (1993) for the larynx deposition.