Migration of the Epidermal over the Dermal Component (Epiboly) in a Bilayered Bioengineered Skin Construct

A bilayered bioengineered living skin construct (LSC) consisting of viable human neonatal keratinocytes over a collagenous dermis seeded with dermal fibroblasts has been used extensively in difficult—to heal human wounds. Its biological properties include production of several mediators, cytokines, and growth factors and the ability to heal itself upon injury. In this study, we investigated the process of keratinocyte migration in LSC. At baseline, 6-mm punch biopsies of the construct were placed in serum-free medium (AIM-V) or Dulbecco's modified Eagle medium. At varying time points, the LSC samples were processed and analyzed using histology and immunohistochemistry. By 72 h, in a time-dependent manner, the overlying epidermis had migrated over and enveloped the entire underlying dermis, a process known as epiboly. Increasing concentrations of neutralizing antibodies to epidermal growth factor or interleukin-1 alpha down-regulated the extent of epiboly, as measured using computerized planimetry, but antibodies to transforming growth factor-beta 1 did not affect it. The consistent expression of laminin V, α3β1 integrin, and vitronectin (epibolin) and its integrin receptor (αvβ5) characterized the tongue of migrating epidermis. Increasing concentrations of antibodies to vitronectin blocked the process of epiboly, as did antibodies to the αvβ5 integrin receptor, which mediates vitronectin-driven keratinocyte locomotion. This process of epiboly provides novel mechanisms of action for bioengineered skin constructs.