Clinical and Pathologic Features of Lineage 2 West Nile Virus Infections in Birds of Prey in Hungary

In the southeast of Hungary a sparrow hawk (Accipiter nisus) and several goshawk (Accipiter gentilis) fledglings succumbed to encephalitis manifesting as an acute neurological disease during the summers of 2004 and 2005. Both years the causative agent was identified as a lineage 2 West Nile virus. This is the first description of clinical, pathological and immunohistochemical findings of infection caused by a neuroinvasive, lineage 2 West Nile virus and the first evidence of its circulation in continental Europe. Vector-Borne Zoonotic Dis. 7, 181–188.