Note. Occurrence of Fumonisin B1 in Spanish Corn-Based Foods for Animal and Human Consumption

Abstract

This survey describes the fumonisin B ₁(FB1) occurrence in 228 and 58 corn-based food samples from Spain for human and animal consumption, respectively. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with ophthaldialdehyde derivatization was used for the analysis of FB _1. We detected FB1 in 86% of the samples for animal consumption, ranging from 89–8757 ng/g. Four of these samples had levels of FB ₁> 5000 ng/g but none of them higher than 10,000 ng/g. On the other hand, FB ₁was detected in 23% of the samples for human consumption. The lowest amount of FB ₁found in a positive sample was 16 ng/g, and the highest was 938 ng/g. The most contaminated samples were the wholemeal corn flours, with a range of contamination that varied from 299–938 ng/g.

Keywords

corn fumonisins mycotoxins contamination

Get full access to this article

View all access options for this article.

References

Bezuidenhout S.C. , Gelderblom W.C.A. , Gorst-Allman C.P. , Horak R.M. , Marasas W.F.O. , Spiteller G. and Vleggaar R. (1988). Structure elucidation of the fumonisins, mycotoxins from Fusarium moniliforme. Journal of Chemical Society, Chemical Communications 743–745.

Castellá G. , Bragulat M.R. and Cabañes F.J. (1999). Surveillance of fumonisins in maize-based feed and cereals from Spain. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 47: 707–710.

Castelo M.M. , Summer S.S. and Bullerman L.B. (1998). Occurrence of fumonisins in corn-based food products. Journal of Food Protection 61: 704–707.

Chelkowski J. , Visconti A. , Dokko B. and Wisniewska H. (1995). Fusarium moniliforme Sheldon—Pathogenicity to wheat seedlings and ability to produce fumonisins. Journal of Phytopathology 143: 491–493.

Doko M.B. and Visconti A. (1994). Occurrence of fumonisins B 1and B2 in corn and corn-based human foodstuffs in Italy. Food Additives and Contaminants. 11: 433–439.

FAO (1997). Worldwide regulations for mycotoxins 1995. A compendium.Food and Nutrition Paper 64. Rome, Italy: FAO.

Gelderblom W.C.A. , Jaskiewicz K. , Marasas W.F.O. , Thiel P.G. , Hora R.M. , Vleggar R. and Kriek N.P.J. (1988) Fumonisins—Novel mycotoxins with cancer-promoting activity produced by Fusarium moniliforme. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 54: 1806–1811.

Gelderblom W.C.A. , Kriek N.P.J. , Marasas W.F.O. and Thiel P.G. (1991). Toxicity and carcinogenecity of the Fusarium moniliforme metabolite, fumonisin B 1in rats. Carcinogenesis 12: 1247–1251.

Harrison L.R. , Colvin B.M. , Greene J.T. , Newman L.E. and Cole J.R. (1990). Pulmonary edema and hydrothorax in swine produced by fumonisin B 1,a toxic metabolite of Fusarium moniliforme. Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation 2: 217–221.

10.

Long G.L. and Winefordner J.D. (1983). Limit of detection. A closer look at the IUPAC definition. Analytical Chemistry 55: 712–724.

11.

Machinski M. and Valente-Soares L.M. (2000). Fumonisins B 1 and B 2in Brazilian corn-based food products. Food Additives and Contaminants 17: 875–879.

12.

Maragos C.M. and Richard J.L. (1994). Quantitation and stability of fumonisins B 1and B2 in milk. Journal of AOAC International 77: 1162–1167.

13.

Murphy P.A. , Rice L.G. and Ross P.F. (1993). Fumonisin B 1, B2 and B 3 content of Iowa, Wisconsin, and Illinois corn and corn screenings. Journal of Agriculture and Food Chemistry 41: 263–266.

14.

Nelson P.E. , Plattner R.D. , Shackelford D.D. and Desjardins A.E. (1991). Production of fumonisins by Fusarium moniliforme strains from various substrates and geographic areas. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 57: 2410–2412.

15.

Nelson P.E. , Plattner R.D. , Shackelford D.D. and Desjardins A.E. (1992). Fumonisin B 1production by Fusarium species other than F. moniliforme in section Liseola and by some related species. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 58: 984–989.

16.

Norred W.P. and Voss K. A. (1994). Toxicity and role of fumonisins in animal diseases and human esophageal cancer. Journal of Food Protection 57: 522–527.

17.

Pestka J.J. , Azcona-Olivera J.I. , Plattner R.D. , Minervini F. , Doko M.B. and Visconti A. (1994). Comparative assessment of fumonisin in grain-based foods by ELISA, GC-MS, and HPLC. Journal of Food Protection 57: 169–172.

18.

Piñeiro M.S. and Silva G.E. (1997). Fumonisin levels in Uruguayan corn products. Food Chemical Contaminants 80: 825–828.

19.

Rheeder J.P. , Marasas W.F.O. , Thiel P.G. , Sydenham E.W. , Shephard G.S. and van Schalkwyk D.J. (1992). Fusarium moniliforme and fumonisins in corn in relation to human esophageal cancer in Transkei. Phytopathology 82: 353–357.

20.

Sala N. , Sanchis V. , Vilaro P. , Viladrich R. , Torres M. , Viñas I. and Canela R. (1994). Fumonisin producing capacity of Fusarium strains isolated from cereals in Spain. Journal of Food Protection 57: 915–917.

21.

Sanchis V. , Abadias M. , Oncins L. , Sala N. , Viñas I. and Canela R. (1994). Occurrence of fumonisins B 1and B2 in corn-based products from the Spanish market. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 60: 2147–2148.

22.

Sanchis V. , Abadias M. , Oncins L. , Sala N. , Viñas I. and Canela R. (1995). Fumonisins B 1and B2 and toxigenic Fusarium strains in feeds from the Spanish market. International Journal of Food Microbiology 27: 37–44.

23.

Schneider E. , Usleber E. and Märtlbauer E. (1995). Rapid detection of fumonisin B 1in corn-based food by competitive direct dipstick enzyme immunoassay/enzyme-linked immunofiltration assay with integrated negative control reaction. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 43: 2548–2552.

24.

Scott P.M. (1993). Fumonisins. International Journal of Food Microbiology 18: 257–270.

25.

Scott P.M. and Lawrence G.A. (1995). Analysis of beer for fumonisins. Journal of Food Protection 58: 1379–1382.

26.

Shephard G.S. , Marasas W.F.O. , Leggott N.L. , Yazdanpanah H. , Rahimian H. and Safavi N. (2000). Natural occurrence of fumonisins in corn from Iran. Journal Agricultural and Food Chemestry 48: 1860–1864.

27.

Shephard G.S. , Sydenham E.W. , Thiel P.G. and Gelderblom W.C.A. (1990). Quantitative determination of fumonisins B 1 and B 2by high performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. Journal of Liquid Chromatography 13: 2077–2087.

28.

Shephard, G.S. , Thiel P.G. , Storckenstrom S. and Sydenham E.W. (1996). Worldwide survey of fumonisin contamination of corn and corn-based products. Food Chemical Contaminants 79: 671–687.

29.

Sydenham E.W. , Shephard G.S. , Thiel P.G. , Marasas W.F.O. and Stockenström S. (1991). Fumonisin contamination of commercial corn-based human foodstuffs. Journal of Agriculture and Food Chemistry 39:2014–2018.

30.

Torres M.R. , Sanchis, V. and Ramos A.J. (1998). Occurrence of fumonisins in Spanish beers analyzed by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method. International Journal of Food Microbiology 39: 139–143.

31.

Trucksess M. W. (1996). Committee on natural toxins. Mycotoxins. Journal of AOAC International 79: 200–205.

32.

Ueno Y. , Iijima K. , Wang S.-D. , Sugiua Y. , Sekijima M. , Tanaka T. , Chen C. and Yu S.-Z. (1997). Fumonisins as possible contributory risk factor for primary liver cancer: a 3 year study of corn harvested in Haimem, China, by HPLC and ELISA. Food Chemical Toxicology 35: 1143–1150.

33.

Vainio H. , Heseltine E. and Wilbourn J. (1993). Report on an IARC working group meeting on some naturally occurring substances. International Journal of Cancer 53: 535–537.

34.

Visconti A. and Boenke A. (1995). Improvement of the determination of fumonisins (FB 1and FB2) in maize and maize based feeds. European Commission. Bcr information, chemical analysis.Report EUR 16617 EN.