Conflicts over Control and Use of Medical Records at the New York Hospital before the Standardization Movement

Risse G. B. Warner J. H. , “Reconstructing Clinical Activities: Patient Records in Medical History,” Social History of Medicine 5, no. 2 (1992): 183–205, at 185.

Craig B. L. , “Hospital Records and Record-Keeping, c. 1850-c. 1950. Part II: The Development of Record-Keeping in Hospitals,” Archivaria 30 (Summer 1990): 21–38.

Howell J. D. , Technology in the Hospital (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1995): at 42.

MacEachern M. , “Some Hospitalization Problems – Hospital Standardization,” Canadian Medical Association Journal 12, no. 8 (1922): 520–526.

Hornsby J. A. , “The Hospital Problem of Today – What Is It?” Modern Hospital IX (1918): 322–328.

Huffman E. K. Price E. , Medical Record Management , 6th ed. (Berwyn, IL: Physicians' Record Co., 1972): at 21.

Society of the New York Hospital. Secretary/Treasurer papers, Box 51. Letter from Bowman to Howell, July 23, 1920.

Society of the New York Hospital, State of the New-York Hospital for the Year 1797, vol. 1 (1798): 1–4.

Jefe E. R. , “Hamilton's Physician: David Hosack, Renaissance Man of Early New York,” New York Journal of American History 65, no. 3 (2004): 54–58.

Society of the New York Hospital, Minutes of the Board of Governors, Volume II, January 5, 1802-May 1, 1810, at 117 (emphasis in the original).

Society of the New York Hospital, Minutes of the Board of Governors, Volume III, May 6, 1810-December 16, 1817, at 42.

Society of the New York Hospital, Minutes of the Board of Governors, Volume V, January 1, 1822-January 3, 1832, at 516 (emphasis in the original).

Society of the New York Hospital, Minutes of the Board of Governors, Volume VI, February 7, 1832-December 5, 1837, at 27.

Society of the New York Hospital, Minutes of the Board of Governors, Volume IX, January 1, 1856-January 3, 1865, at 259–260.

Id., at 259–260.

Society of the New York Hospital, Minutes of the Board of Governors, Volume X, February 7, 1865-February 18, 1875.

Society of the New York Hospital, Minutes of the Board of Governors, Volume XI, February 25, 1875-May 6, 1884, at 115.

Society of the New York Hospital, Minutes of the Medical Board, Volume I, 1876–1902, at 67–68.

See Minutes , supra note 17, at 436–439.

Id., at 177.

Id., at 356–360.

Id., at 356–360 (emphasis in the original).

See Minutes , supra note 14, at 469–471.

Society of the New York Hospital, Committee on Statistics - Notes from 1884–1885, at 4–9.

See Minutes, supra note 17, at 478.

Society of the New York Hospital, Minutes of the Visiting Committee, Volume IX, February 1, 1885-December 2, 1888, at 10.

Society of the New York Hospital, Minutes of the Board of Governors, Volume XII, June 3, 1884-October 14, 1891, at 51.

Id., at 51.

Id., at 81.

Id., at 81–82.

Id., at 13.

Society of the New York Hospital, Minutes of the Executive Committee, June 1886-December 1894, at 6.

Id., at 14.

See Minutes, supra note 26, at 151–152.

See Minutes, supra note 32, at 15–17.

Hall H. , America's Successful Men of Affairs 1895–1896 , vol. I (New York: New York Tribune, 1895): At 254–255.

Society of the New York Hospital, Minutes of the Law Committee, Volume II, March 1886-February 1891, at 15–17.

Society of the New York Hospital, Minutes of the Law Committee, Volume I, April 1878-March 1886.

Society of the New York Hospital, Minutes of the Law Committee, Volume V, April 1906-June 1932, at 142.

See Minutes, supra note 38, at 157.

Id., at 158.

Mohr J. C. , “American Medical Malpractice Litigation in Historical Perspective,” JAMA 283, no. 13 (2000): 1731–1737.

Campbell H. F. , “The President's Address: The Past and the Present – the Physician as Related to the Tribunals of Law,” JAMA 4, no. 18 (1885): 477–486, at 484.

See Minutes, supra note 39.

Gardner D. S. , ed., Cadwalader, Wickersham & Taft: A Bicentennial History 1792–1992 (New York: Cadwalader, Wichersham & Taft, Attorneys at Law, 1994).

See Minutes, supra note 37, at 40–42.

Id., at 61.

See Minutes, supra note 26, at 207.

Rosenberg C. E. , The Care of Strangers (New York: Basic Books, 1987): at 273.

See Minutes, supra note 26, at 290.

See Minutes, supra note 18, at 143.

Id., at 173.

Id., at 282–292.

Id., at 286.

Society of the New York Hospital, Minutes of the Executive Committee, December 1894-June 1903, at 152.

Society of the New York Hospital, Minutes of the Visiting Committee, Volume X, December 18, 1888-January 19, 1892.

Id., at 21.

Id., at 34.

See Minutes, supra note 32, at 186–187.

Society of the New York Hospital, Minutes of the Visiting Committee, Volume XII, January 20, 1894-November 11, 1896, at 64.

Society of the New York Hospital, Minutes of the Visiting Committee, Volume XVI, June 3, 1901-February 13, 1906, at 268.

Society of the New York Hospital, Secretary/Treasurer Papers, Box 45.

Id.

Society of the New York Hospital, Minutes of the Executive Committee, February 1906-April 1910, at 369.

Id.

Society of the New York Hospital, Minutes of the Law Committee, Volume V, April 1906-June 1932.

Id., at 68.