Legal Responses to Communal Rejection in Emergencies

Gostin L. O. , Public Health Law and Ethics: A Reader (Berkley: University of California Press, 2010): At 149–150.

Jew Ho v. Williamson, 103 F. 10 (C.C.N.D. Cal. 1900).

Murray J. F. , “A Century of Tuberculosis,” American Journal of Respiratory Critical Care Medicine 169, no. 11 (2004): 1181–1186.

Evans N. J. , “Indirect Passage from Europe: Transmigration via the UK, 1836–1914,” Journal for Maritime Research 3, no. 1 (2002): 70–84.

Markel H. , When Germs Travel: Six Major Epidemics That Have Invaded America Since 1900 and the Fears They Have Unleashed (New York: Pantheon, 2004): At 34–36.

See also, Kraut A. , Silent Travelers: Germs, Genes, and the Immigrant Menace (New York: Basic Books, 2004).

Id., at 35.

Immigration Act of 1917, Pub. L. No. 64–301, § 3, 39 Stat. 874, 875 (repealed 1952).

Gibson C. , “Our 10 Greatest Natural Disasters,” American Heritage 57, no. 4 (2006), available at <http://www.americanheritage.com/content/our-10-greatest-natural-disasters?page=6> (last visited May 3, 2013).

Bixel P. B. Turner E. H. , Galveston and the 1900 Storm: Catastrophe and Catalyst, (Austin: University of Texas Press, 2000): At 80.

Id.

Gregory J. M. , American Exodus: The Dust Bowl Migration and Okie Culture in California (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1989): At 6.

Id.

Id., at 22.

Id., at 79.

Solis D. , “Backlash against Mexicans Amid Swine Flu Outbreak Is Criticized,” Tribune Business News, May 3, 2009.

Eaton R. , “Escape Denied: The Gretna Bridge and the Government's Armed Blockade in the Wake of Katrina,” Texas Wesleyan Law Review 13, no. 1 (2006): 127–174, at 139.

Harris G. , “Police Suburbs Blocked Evacuees, Witnesses Report,” New York Times, September 10, 2005, available at <http://www.nytimes.com/2005/09/10/national/nationalspecial/10emt.html?pagewanted=print&_r=0> (last visited May 3, 2013).

Id.

Dickerson v. City of Gretna, 2007 WL 1098787, *1 (E.D. La. 2007).

Id., at *1, *5.

Byrnes L. , “Ocala Homeowners Association Says Evacuees Are Not Welcome,” Gainesville Sun, September 7, 2005, available at <http://www.gainesville.com/article/20050907/LOCAL/209070310> (last visited May 3, 2013).

Harris G. “Police Suburbs Blocked Evacuees, Witnesses Report,” New York Times, September 10, 2005, available at <http://www.nytimes.com/2005/09/10/national/nationalspecial/10emt.html?_r=2&pagewanted=print> (last visited May 3, 2013).

see Byrnes supra note 21.

“La. Police Who Turned Away Katrina Victims Face Inquiry,” Washington Post, August 5, 2010, available at <http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/08/04/AR2006080401348.html> (last visited May 3, 2013).

Markel H. , When Germs Travel: Six Major Epidemics That Have Invaded America Since 1900 and the Fears They Have Unleashed (New York: Pantheon, 2004): At 34–36.

Id., at 64–74.

U.S. Const. amend. XIV, § 1.

Id.

Adarand Constructors, Inc. v. Pena, 515 U.S. 200, 227 (1995).

U.S. v. Virginia, 518 U.S. 515 (1996).

Vance v. Bradley, 440 U.S. 93, 96–97 (1979).

See, e.g., Gostin L. O. , Public Health Law: Power, Duty, Restraint, 2nd ed. (Berkley: University of California Press 2008): At 138.

Village of Euclid v. Ambler Realty Co., 272 U.S. 365 (1926).

Romer v. Evans, 517 U.S. 620 (1996).

City of Cleburne v. Cleburne Living Ctr., Inc., 473 U.S. 432 (1985).

U.S. Dept. of Agriculture v. Moreno, 413 U.S. 528 (1973).

Grutter v. Bollinger, 539 U.S. 306 (2003).

Loving v. Virginia, 388 U.S. 1 (1967).

Contra Grutter, 539 U.S. 306.

Yick Wo v. Hopkins, 118 U.S. 356 (1886).

See Boddie E. C. , “Racial Territoriality,” 58 UCLA Law Review 58 (2010): 401–463, at 458–460.

U.S. Const. amend. XIV, § 1.

See, e.g., Shapiro v. Thompson, 394 U.S. 618, 642–643 (1969) ( Stewart J. , concurring).

Id., at 629–631,.

Edelman v. Jordan, 415 U.S. 651 (1974).

See Shapiro, supra note 40, at 634.

See Gostin , supra note 1, at 428–445.

Model State Emergency Health Powers Act § 604, available at <http://www.publichealthlaw.net/ModelLaws/MSEHPA.php> (last visited May 3, 2013).

See Shapiro, supra note 40, at 629.

Edwards v. California, 314 U.S. 160 (1941).

See Edwards, supra note 44, at 167.

Id., at 165–167.

See Crusto M. F. , “Enslaved Constitution: Obstructing the Freedom to Travel,” University of Pittsburgh Law Review 70, no. 2 (2006): 233–275, at 233.

See Dickerson, supra note 19, at 2–3 (E.D. La. 2007).

citing Wright v. City of Jackson, 506 F.2d 900 (5th Cir. 1975).

E.g., Johnson v. City of Cincinnati, 310 F.3d 484 (6th Cir. 2002).

see also Crusto , supra note 47, at 245.

Smith v. Turner, 48 U.S. (7 How.) 283, 492 (1849) ( Taney C.J. , dissenting) (emphasis added).

Shapiro, supra note 40, at 629–630.

U.S. Const. art. I § 8.

U.S. v. Lopez, 514 U.S. 549, 558–559 (1995).

Dodson E. U. , “Access to the Airways After September 11: Do Aviation Businesses Devastated by the Restrictions Have A Fifth Amendment Remedy?” Hastings Constitutional Law Quarterly 173, no. 30 (2002): 173–195, at 187.

Id.

42 U.S.C. § 12101 et seq. (2012).

Fleming v. Yuma Reg'l Med. Ctr., 587 F.3d 938, 942 n.3 (9th Cir. 2009).

U.S. v. Mississippi Dep't of Public Safety, 321 F.3d 495, 499–500.

42 U.S.C. § 12101(b)(4).

Communities Actively Living Indep. & Free v. City of Los Angeles, CV 09–0287 CBM RZX, 2011 WL 4595993 (C.D. Cal. Feb. 10, 2011).

42 U.S.C. § 2000a.

Heart of Atlanta Motel v. U.S., 379 U.S. 241 (1964).

Katzenbach v. McClung, 379 U.S. 294 (1964).

42 U.S.C. § 2000a-5.

Id., at § 2000a.

U.S. v. Cent. Carolina Bank & Trust Co., 431 F.2d 972, 975 (4th Cir. 1970).

See Gostin , supra note 1.

Model State Emergency Health Powers Act, supra note 43, at § 502.

The Network for Public Health Law, “Model State Emergency Health Powers Act Summary Matrix,” available at <http://www.networkforphl.org/_asset/80p3y7/MSEHPA-States-Table-022812.pdf> (last visited May 3, 2013).

18 U.S.C. § 241.

Id., at § 242.

Id., at § 245.

Id., at § 245(c).

42 U.S.C. § 1983 (1996).

Id.

See Leatherman v. Tarrant County Narcotics Intelligence and Coordination Unit, 507 U.S. 163, 166 (1993).

U.S. Const. amend. XI.

Barren v. Harrington, 152 F.3d 1193, 11194 (9th Cir. 1998).

Cortez v. County of Los Angeles, 294 F.3d 1186, 1188 (9th Cir. 2001).

See, e.g., City of Los Angeles v. Lyons, 461 U.S. 95 (1983).

Church v. City of Huntsville, 30 F.3d 1332 (11th Cir. 1994).