Beyond the Code Book: Legal Tools for Accelerating Progress in Obesity Prevention

IOM (Institute of Medicine), Accelerating Progress in Obesity Prevention: Solving the Weight of the Nation (Washington, DC: The National Academies Press, 2012).

Id., at Strategy 2–1.

Id., at 336.

See, e.g., School Nutrition Incentive Program, Pennsylvania Department of Education, available at <http://www.portal.state.pa.us/portal/server.pt/community/school_nutrition_incentive_program/7489> (last visited November 18, 2013).

See, e.g., Mermin S. E. and Graff S. K. , “A Legal Primer for the Obesity Prevention Movement,” American Journal of Public Health 99, no. 10 (2009): 1799–1805; Mello M. M. Studdert D. M. and Brennan T. A. , “Obesity: The New Frontier of Public Health Law,” New England Journal of Medicine 354, no. 24 (2006): 2601–2610; and Diller P. A. and Graff S. , “Regulating Food Retail for Obesity Prevention: How Far Can Cities Go?” Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics 39, no. 1, Supp. (2011): 89–93.

Baertlein L. , “Soda Tax Ballot Measures Fizzle in California,” Reuters, November 7, 2012, available at <http://www.reuters.com/article/2012/11/07/us-usa-campaign-california-sodatax-idUSBRE8A61W520121107> (last visited November 20, 2013).

See IOM, supra note 1.

Id., at 430.

Healthy Beverage Toolkit, Boston Public Health Commission (2011): at 48–50.

See Zimmerman S. and Kappagoda M. , The Risk of New Liability Laws to Schools and Students, ChangeLab Solutions, available at <http://changelabsolutions.org/childhood-obesity/immunity-hazards> (last visited November 18, 2013).

See Boston Public Health Commission, supra note 9, at 48 (model contract language par. 1.3, setting forth a procedure for addressing any demonstrated adverse financial impact to vendors from the healthy beverage requirements); see also, DelliFraine J. , “Cost Comparison of Baby Friendly and Non-Baby Friendly Hospitals in the United States,” Pediatrics 127, no. 4 (2011): e989–e994 (finding that cost of implementing BFHI program was relatively cost-neutral).

For example, the federal Randolph-Sheppard Act (and its state law counterparts) gives legally-blind vending machine and cafeteria operators on government property preferences and protections not enjoyed by other vendors. 20 U.S.C. § 107 et seq.

Homestyle Direct, LLC v. Or. Dep't of Hum. Servs., 354 Or. 253 (2013).

Erie Telecomms., Inc. v. City of Erie, 853 F.2d 1083, 1096 (3d Cir. 1988); D.H. Overmyer Co., Inc. v. Frick Co., 405 U.S. 174, 187 (1972); Fuentes v. Shevin, 407 U.S. 67, 95 (1972).

Master Settlement Agreement (November 1998), available at <http://ag.ca.gov/tobacco/pdf/1msa.pdf> (last visited November 18, 2013)

Doe v. Albany Unified School District, 190 Cal.App.4th 668, 672 (2010).

Cleveland, Ohio, Ordinance 474–11 (Apr. 25, 2011).

Strom S. , “Judge Rules Restaurant Law Stifles Ohio Cities,” New York Times, June 12, 2012, available at <http://www.nytimes.com/2012/06/13/business/judge-rules-restaurant-law-unfair-to-ohio-cities.html?_r=0> (last visited November 18, 2013).

Am. Sub. H. B. 153, 129th Gen. Assemb., Reg. Sess. (Oh. 2011), codified at Ohio Rev. Code §3717.53 (2012).

Cleveland v. State of Ohio, 989 N.E.2d 1072 (Oh. Ct. App. 2013).

See Master Settlement Agreement, supra note 15.

See, e.g., Henley v. Philip Morris, 114 Cal.App.4th 1429 (2004).

See United States v. Philip Morris U.S.A., Inc., 449 F.Supp.2d 1 (D.D.C. 2006).

National Policy & Legal Analysis Network to Prevent Childhood Obesity (NPLAN), Public Health Law Center, State AG Enforcement of Food Marketing Laws: A Brief History (St. Paul, Minnesota: Public Health Law Center, 2010): at 2, available at <http://publichealthlawcenter.org/sites/default/files/resources/phlc-fs-agstatefoodenforce-2010.pdf> (last visited November 18, 2013).

Id.

Id.

Id.

Id., at 3.

Pelman v. McDonald's Corp., 237 F. Supp. 2d 512, 519 (S.D.N.Y. 2003);

See, e.g., New York State Restaurant Ass'n v. Bd. of Health, 556 F.3d 114 (2d Cir. 2009) (rejecting challenge on preemption and First Amendment grounds to NYC menu labeling law).

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, “Vital Signs: Hospital Practices to Support Breastfeeding, United States, 2007 and 2009,” Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report 60, no. 30 (2011): 1020–1025, available at <http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6030a4.htm?s_cid=mm6030a4_w> (last visited November 20, 2013).

World Health Organization, World Health Statistics 2012: at 110–119, available at <http://www.who.int/gho/publications/world_health_statistics/2012/en/index.html> (last visited November 18, 2013).

Baby-Friendly USA, Guidelines and Evaluation Criteria for Facilities Seeking Baby-Friendly Designation (Sandwich, Mass.: Baby-Friendly USA, 2010): at 19–20, available at <http://www.babyfriendlyusa.org/get-started/the-guidelines-evaluation-criteria> (last visited November 18, 2013).

Sadacharan R. , “Trends in US Hospital Distribution of Industry-Sponsored Infant Formula Sample Packs,” Pediatrics 128, no. 4 (2011): 702–705, at 703, available at <http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/128/4/702.short> (last visited November 18, 2013);

Klepper D. , “No More Free Infant Formula at Rhode Island Hospitals,” USA Today, November 29, 2011, available at <http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/news/health/wellness/story/2011-11-29/No-more-free-infant-formula-at-RI-hospitals/51460584/1> (last visited November 18, 2013); Kotz D. , “All Massachusetts Maternity Hospitals Now Ban Infant Formula Gift Bags,” Boston Globe, July 12, 2012, available at: <http://www.boston.com/dailydose/2012/07/12/all-massa-chusetts-maternity-hospitals-now-ban-infant-formula-gift-bags/stcOXl9MRyWbSGLAzXdACO/story.html> (last visited November 18, 2013);

105 Mass. Code Regs. 130.616(D)(11) (2012); N.Y. Pub. Health Law § 2505-a (2012).

105 Mass. Code Regs. 130.616(D)(11) (2012); N.Y. Pub. Health Law § 2505-a (2012); 10 NY ADC 405.21 (d)(4)(v)(f)(3)(i); see New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, supra note 35.

Smith S. , “Romney to Undo Ban on Formula: Breast-Feeding Was Goal of Rule,” Boston Globe, February 18, 2006, available at <http://www.boston.com/yourlife/health/women/articles/2006/02/18/romney_to_undo_ban_on_formula/> (last visited November 18, 2013);. Rochman B. , “What Mitt Romney Has To Do With Breast-Feeding and Infant Formula,” Time, July 17, 2012, available at <http://healthland.time.com/2012/07/17/what-mitt-romney-has-to-do-with-breast-feeding-and-infant-formula/?iid=hl-main-lede> (last visited November 18, 2013).

National Research Council, Food Marketing to Children and Youth: Threat or Opportunity? (Washington, D.C.: The National Academies Press, 2006): at ES-7–ES-13, available at <http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=11514> (last visited November 20, 2013).

Better Business Bureau, Council of Better Business Bureaus Announces Groundbreaking Agreement on Child-Directed Food Advertising, Press Release, July 14, 2011, available at <http://www.bbb.org/us/article/Council-of-Better-Business-Bureaus-Announces-Groundbreaking-Agreement-on-Ch-28325> (last visited November 21, 2013).

Kraak V. I. , “Industry Progress to Market a Healthful Diet to American Children and Adolescents,” American Journal of Preventative Medicine 41, no. 3 (2011): 322–333, at 328, available at <http://www.ajpmonline.org/article/S07493797%2811%2900389-8/abstract> (last visited November 18, 2013).

Interagency Working Group, Interagency Working Group on Food Marketed to Children: Preliminary Proposed Nutrition Principles to Guide Self-Regulatory Efforts, Request for Comments (2011), available at <http://www.ftc.gov/os/2011/04/110428foodmarketproposedguide.pdf> (last visited November 21, 2013).

See Better Business Bureau, supra note 40.

Bartz D. , “U.S. Food Lobby Fighting Hard to Defend Kid Ads,” Reuters, November 7, 2011, available at <http://www.reuters.com/article/2011/11/07/us-advertising-children-idUS-TRE7A66OA20111107> (last visited November 21, 2013); Wilson D. and Roberts J. , “Special Report: How Washington Went Soft on Childhood Obesity,” Reuters, April 27, 2012, available at <http://www.reuters.com/article/2012/04/27/us-usa-foodlobby-idUSBRE83Q0ED20120427> (last visited November 18, 2013).

Strom S. , “Local Laws Fighting Fat Under Siege,” New York Times, June 30, 2011, available at <http://www.nytimes.com/2011/07/01/business/01obese.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0> (last visited November 21, 2013).

See, e.g., Lorillard Tobacco Co. v. Reilly, 533 U.S. 525 (2001); Sorrell v. IMS Health, Inc., 131 S.Ct. 2653 (2011). See also Discount Tobacco City & Lottery, Inc. v. United States, 674 F.3d 509 (6th Cir. 2012).

Barnes B. , “Promoting Nutrition, Disney to Restrict Junk-Food Ads,” New York Times, June 5, 2012, available at <http://www.nytimes.com/2012/06/05/business/media/in-nutrition-initiative-disney-to-restrict-advertising.html?pagewanted=1&_r=2> (last visited November 18, 2013).

Aoki Ralston J. and Moore E. S. , “Self-Regulation as a Tool for Promoting Healthier Children's Diets: Can CARU and the CFBAI Do More?” in Williams J. D. Pasch K. E. and Collins C. , eds., Advances in Communication Research to Reduce Childhood Obesity (New York: Springer, 2012).