Desde que Hitch (1978) publicó el primer estudio sobre el rol de la memoria de trabajo en el cálculo han ido aumentando las investigacionesen este campo. Muchos trabajos han estudiado un único subsistema, pero nuestro objetivo es identificar qué subsistema de la memoria de trabajo (bucle fonológico, agenda viso-espacial o ejecutivo central) está más implicado en el cálculo mental. Para ello hemos realizado un estudio correlacional en el que hemos administrado dos pruebas aritméticas y nueve pruebas de la “Bateria de Test de Memòria de Treball” de Pickering, Baqués y Gathercole (1999) a una muestra de 94 niños españoles de 7–8 años. Nuestros resultados indican que el bucle fonológico y sobretodo el ejecutivo central inciden de forma estadísticamente significativa en el rendimiento aritmético.
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