Desarrollo de la identidad y salud mental en un grupo de adoptados internacionales en Suecia. Un estudio de seguimiento desde la adolescencia hasta la madurez
Restricted accessResearch articleFirst published online January, 2005
Desarrollo de la identidad y salud mental en un grupo de adoptados internacionales en Suecia. Un estudio de seguimiento desde la adolescencia hasta la madurez
El primer estudio, realizado a comienzos de los noventa, explora el desarrollo de la identidad en un grupo de adolescentes adoptados en Suecia atendiendo a su origen biológico y étnico y a su salud mental. Los sujetos fueron acogidos por sus familias adoptivas entre los años 1970 y 1977 mediante lo que por entonces constituía la agencia de adopción más grande en Suecia—“The Adoption Center”—. Un nuevo estudio, ocho años después, revisa los cambios producidos en la identidad y salud mental de los sujetos ya adultos. Los resultados muestran que la familia biológica permanece en la mente del adoptado mientras que su interés por buscarlos disminuye. Esta exploración del origen biológico puede reflejar un desarrollo normal de la identidad en tanto que supone para el sujeto una vía a través de la cual conferir continuidad a su historia vital; pero puede ser también una muestra de insatisfacción con su situación de vida. La construcción de una identidad sueca no parece resultar algo problemático para los adoptados, no obstante, es posible que tengan que afrontar ser tratados como minorías étnicas y no como ciudadanos suecos. Nuestros resultados indican que el paso de la vida dependiente—en la que están protegidos por la familia adoptive—a la vida como adulto independiente puede ser especialmente difícil para aquellos que fueron adoptados tardíamente, ya que muchos sufrieron experiencias traumáticas en su vida anterior a la adopción.
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