Restorative Proctocolectomy and Ileal Pouch–Anal Anastomosis for Ulcerative Colitis after Liver Transplant for Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis: Case Report and Review of Literature

Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is present in 5 per cent of patients with ulcerative colitis (UC). Conversely, as many as 90 per cent of patients with PSC have been found to have UC. The accepted treatment for advanced PSC is orthotopic liver transplant, and the treatment of ulcerative colitis with concomitant PSC is restorative proctocolectomy with ileal pouch–anal anastomosis (IPAA). A small number of studies have shown that there is an increased risk of pouchitis in UC patients with PSC after ileal pouch-anal anastomosis. We report a case of a 45-year-old male who underwent a two-stage restorative proctocolectomy with IPAA after previous orthotopic liver transplant for PSC. We have reviewed the available literature concerning restorative proctocolectomy after liver transplantation, giving special attention to postoperative complications and subsequent development of pouchitis. It is important to be aware of the possibility of increased risk for development of pouchitis and to follow these patients closely to prevent complications.