Femoral arterial lines are used for continuous monitoring of arterial blood pressure in experimental studies. However, placement of a catheter in the femoral artery could produce acute limb ischemia with associated systemic effects. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of femoral arterial line insertion on liver function, in a rabbit liver lobar ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) model. Four groups of animals (n = 6 each) were studied: groups 1 and 2 (sham) underwent laparotomy but no liver ischemia. In groups 3 and 4 (I/R), liver lobar ischemia was induced for 60 minutes followed by 7 hours of reperfusion. In groups 1 and 3, the arterial line was placed in the femoral artery whereas in groups 2 and 4 in the ear artery. Liver function was assessed by serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activity, bile flow, plasma lactate levels, and histology. Results are expressed as mean ± SEM. Alanine aminotransferase activity and lactate levels were significantly higher in the I/R femoral line group compared with the I/R ear line group at 7 hours postreperfusion. Bile production was significantly lower (75 ± 9.6 vs 112 ± 10 μL/min per 100 g liver weight). Histopathology showed more extensive hepatocellular necrosis and neutrophil accumulation in the I/R femoral line group compared with I/R ear line group. The sham femoral group showed liver injury, which was more marked than the ear line group (all P < .05). In conclusion, femoral artery cannulation induces remote liver injury. The use of femoral arterial lines should be avoided in experimental studies concerning liver function.
ReinertM., SchallerB., WidmerH.R., SeilerR., BullockR.Influence of oxygen therapy on glucose-lactate metabolism after diffuse brain injury.J Neurosurg.2004; 101(2): 323–329.
4.
Torres-ReveronA., MelnickS.M., StephensonS.I., Dow-EdwardsD.L.Standardization of a novel blood-sampling method through the jugular vein for use in the quantified [14C] 2-deoxyglucose method.J Neurosci Methods.2006; 150(2): 143–149.
5.
YoburnB.C., MoralesR., InturrisiC.E.Chronic vascular catheterization in the rat: comparison of three techniques.Physiol Behav.1984; 33(1): 89–94.
6.
MadsenJ.K., GarbarschC., NielsenP.E.Endothelial injury of arteries following catheterisation with polyethylene tubes: experimental studies on rabbit aorta using the Seldinger technique.Cardiovasc Res.1979; 13(9): 541–546.
7.
MossbergK.A., TaegtmeyerH.Dihydroergotamine as a pharmacologic euglycemic clamp in the surgically traumatized rabbit.Metabolism.1991; 40(6): 594–599.
8.
NahoulK., GilbertM.Plasma C-21 steroids in conscious pregnant and non-pregnant rabbits with chronic catheterization of the femoral artery and the portal and hepatic veins.J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol.1991; 38(6): 753–758.
9.
El DesokyA., SeifalianA.M., CopeM., DelpyD.T., DavidsonB.R.Experimental study of liver dysfunction evaluated by direct indocyanine green clearance using near infrared spectroscopy.Br J Surg.1999; 86(8): 1005–1011.
10.
KotzampassiK., MetaxasG., ParamythiotisD.The influence of continuous seven-day elevated intraabdominal pressure in the renal perfusion in cirrhotic rats.J Surg Res.2003; 115(1): 133–138.
11.
UedaS., YamaokaK., NakagawaT.Effect of pentobarbital anaesthesia on intestinal absorption and hepatic first-pass metabolism of oxacillin in rats, evaluated by portal-systemic concentration difference.J Pharm Pharmacol.1999; 51(5): 585–589.
12.
El DesokyA.E., DelpyD.T., DavidsonB.R., SeifalianA.M.Assessment of hepatic ischaemia reperfusion injury by measuring intracellular tissue oxygenation using near infrared spectroscopy.Liver.2001; 21(1): 37–44.
13.
SunJ.S., LuF.J., HuangW.C., HouS.M., TsuangY.H., HangY.S.Antioxidant status following acute ischemic limb injury: a rabbit model.Free Radic Res.1999; 31(1): 9–21.
14.
YassinM.M., HarkinD.W., Barros D'SaA.A., HallidayM.I., RowlandsB.J.Lower limb ischemia-reperfusion injury triggers a systemic inflammatory response and multiple organ dysfunction.World J Surg.2002; 26(1): 115–121.
LaipanovK., SergienkoV.I., PetrosyanE.A.Morphological changes in the liver during experimental modeling of acute ischemia and reperfusion of the limb.Bull Exp Biol Med.2007; 144(1): 96–99.
17.
CorsonR.J., PatersonI.S., O'DwyerS.T.Lower limb ischaemia and reperfusion alters gut permeability.Eur J Vasc Surg.1992; 6(2): 158–163.
18.
EdreesW.K., LauL.L., YoungI.S.The effect of lower limb ischaemia-reperfusion on intestinal permeability and the systemic inflammatory response.Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg.2003; 25(4): 330–335.
19.
HarkinD.W., D'SaA.A., YassinM.M., HoperM., HallidayM.I.Gut mucosal injury is attenuated by recombinant bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein in hind limb ischemia-reperfusion injury.Ann Vasc Surg.2001; 15(3): 326–331.
20.
YassinM.M., Barros D'SaA.A., ParksG., AbdulkadirA.S., HallidayI., RowlandsB.J.Mortality following lower limb ischemia-reperfusion: a systemic inflammatory response?World J Surg.1996; 20(8): 961–966.
GlantzounisG.K., RocksS.A., ShethH.Formation and role of plasma S-nitrosothiols in liver ischemia-reperfusion injury.Free Radic Biol Med.2007; 42(6): 882–892.
23.
KooA., KomatsuH., TaoG., InoueM., GuthP.H., KaplowitzN.Contribution of no-reflow phenomenon to hepatic injury after ischemia-reperfusion: evidence for a role for superoxide anion.Hepatology.1992; 15(3): 507–514.
24.
EckertP., SchnackerzK.Ischemic tolerance of human skeletal muscle.Ann Plast Surg.1991; 26(1): 77–84.
25.
KendrickJ., ThompsonB.W., ReadR.C., CampbellG.S., WallsR.C., CasaliR.E.Arterial embolectomy in the leg. Results in a referral hospital.Am J Surg.1981; 142(6): 739–743.
26.
SunJ.S., TsuangY.H., LuF.J., LuK.S., HangY.S.Biochemical and histopathological changes in the mortality caused by acute ischemic limb injury: a rabbits' model.Histol Histopathol.1998; 13(1): 47–55.
27.
SirsjoA., ArstrandK., KagedalB., NylanderG., GidlofA.In situ microdialysis for monitoring of extracellular glutathione levels in normal, ischemic and post-ischemic skeletal muscle.Free Radic Res.1996; 25(5): 385–391.
28.
RejR.Aminotransferases in disease.Clin Lab Med.1989; 9(4): 667–687.
29.
FusaiG., GlantzounisG.K., HafezT.N-Acetylcysteine ameliorates the late phase of liver ischaemia/reperfusion injury in the rabbit with hepatic steatosis.Clin Sci (Lond).2005; 109(5): 465–473.
30.
GlantzounisG.K., SalacinskiH.J., YangW., DavidsonB.R., SeifalianA.M.The contemporary role of antioxidant therapy in attenuating liver ischemia-reperfusion injury: a review.Liver Transpl.2005; 11(9): 1031–1047.
31.
KyriakidesC., AustenWGJr., WangY., FavuzzaJ., MooreFDJr., HechtmanH.B.Neutrophil mediated remote organ injury after lower torso ischemia and reperfusion is selectin and complement dependent.J Trauma.2000; 48(1): 32–38.
32.
RoumenR.M., HendriksT., van der Ven-JongekrijgJ.Cytokine patterns in patients after major vascular surgery, hemorrhagic shock, and severe blunt trauma. Relation with subsequent adult respiratory distress syndrome and multiple organ failure.Ann Surg.1993; 218(6): 769–776.
33.
HauptW., ZirngiblH., RieseJ., StehrA., LindeH.J., HohenbergerW.Depression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-6, and interleukin-10 production: a reaction to the initial systemic hyperactivation in septic shock.J Invest Surg.1997; 10(6): 349–355.
34.
SchlagG., RedlH.Mediators of injury and inflammation.World J Surg.1996; 20(4): 406–410.
