Antiarrhythmic Effects of Verapamil

Abstract

Get full access to this article

View all access options for this article.

References

Haas H. , and Hartfelder G. : a-Isopropyl-a-(N-methyl-N-homoveratryl-a-amino propyl)-3-4 dimethoxyphenylacetonitril, eine Aulstanz mit coronasgefassen Eigenschaften. Arzneimittel-Forschung 12:549-558, 1962.

Singh BN , Ellrodt G. , Peter CT : Verapamil: A review of its pharmacological properties and therapeutic use . Drugs: 169-197, 1978.

Garvey HL : The mechanism of action of verapamil on the sinus and AV nodes. Eur J Pharmacol 8:159-165, 1969.

Singh BN , and Vaughan Williams EM: A fourth class of antidysrhythmic action? Effect of verapamil on ouabain toxicity on atrial and ventricular intracellular potentials and on other features of cardiac function. Cardiovasc Res 6:109-119, 1972.

Ellrodt G. , Chew Cyc , Singh BN : Therapeutic implications of slow channel blockade in cardiocirculatory disorders . Circ 62:669-679, 1980.

Singh BN , Collett JT , Chew Cyc : New perspectives in the pharmacologic therapy of cardiac arrhythmias . Prog Cardiovasc Dis 22:243-301, 1980.

Hauswirth O. , and Singh BN : Ionic mechanisms in heart muscle in relation to the genesis and the pharmacological control of cardiac arrhythmias . Pharmacol Rev 30:5-63, 1979.

Fleckenstein A. : Specific inhibitors and promotors of calcium action in the excitation-contraction coupling of heart muscle and their role in the prevention or production of myocardial lesions. In: Calcium and the Heart, London, Academic Press, 1970.

Haeusler G. : Differential effect of verapamil on excitation-contraction coupling in smooth muscle and on excitation-secretion coupling in adrenergic terminals . J Pharmacol Exper Therap 180:672, 679, 1972.

10.

Greenberg S. , and Wilson WR : Iproveratril: A non-specific antagonist of peripheral vascular reactivity. Can J Phys Pharmacol 52:266-271, 1974.

11.

Cranefield PF , Aronson RS , Wit AL : Effect of verapamil on the normal action potential and on a calcium-dependent slow response of canine cardiac Purkinje fibers. Circ Res 34:204-213, 1974.

12.

Rosen MR , Wit AL , Hoffman BF : Appraisal and reappraisal of cardiac therapy. Electrophysiology and pharmacology of cardiac arrhythmias. VI. Cardiac effects of verapamil. Am Heart J 89:665-673, 1976.

13.

Zipes DP , and Fischer JC : Effects of agents which inhibit the slow channel on sinus node automaticity and atrioventricular conduction in the dog. Circ Res 34:184-192, 1974.

14.

Hordof AJ , Edie R. , Malm JR , et al: Electrophysiologic properties and response to pharmacologic agents of fibers from diseased atria. Circ 54:776-779, 1976.

15.

Wit AL and Cranefield P. : Effect of verapamil on the sinoatrial and atrioventricular nodes of the rabbit and the mechanism by which it arrests re-entrant atrioventricular nodal tachycardia . Circ Res 35:413-425, 1974.

16.

Heng MK , Singh BN , Roche Ahg , et al: Effects of intravenous verapamil on cardiac arrhythmias and on the electrocardiogram. Amer Heart J 90:487-498, 1975.

17.

Husaini MH , Kuvasnicka J. , Ryden L. , Holmberg S. : Action of verapamil on sinus node, atrioventricular, and intraventricular conduction. Br Heart J 35:734-737, 1973.

18.

Neuss H. , Nowak FG , Schlepper M. , Wusten B. : The effects of anti-anginal drugs on AV conduction in normal subjects . Arznimittel-Forschung 24:213-216, 1974.

19.

Kawai C. , Tomotsuga K. , Matsuyama E. , Okazaki H. : Comparative effects of three calcium antagonists, diltiazem, verapamil and nifedipine on the sinoatrial and atrioventricular nodes. Experimental and Clinical Studies. Circ 63:1035-1042, 1981 .

20.

Neuss H. , and Schlepper M. : Influence of various antiarrhythmic drugs (aprindine, ajmaline, verapamil, oxprenolol, orciprenaline) on functional properties of accessory AV pathways . Acta Cardiologica (Suppl) 18:279-288, 1974.

21.

Spurrell Raj , Krikler DM , Sowton GE : The effect of verapamil on the electrophysiological properties of the anomalous atrioventricular connexions in Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome. Br Heart J 36:256, 257, 1974a.

22.

Singh BN , and Roche Ahg : Effects of intravenous verapamil on hemodynamics in patients with heart disease . Am Heart J 94:593-599, 1977.

23.

Ferlinz J. , Easthope JL , Aronow WS : Effects of verapamil on myocardial performance in coronary disease . Circ 59:313-319, 1979.

24.

Chew Cyc , Hecht HS , Collett JT , et al: Influence of severity of ventricular dysfunction on hemodynamic responses to intravenously administered verapamil in ischemic heart disease . Amer J Cardiol 47:917-923, 1981.

25.

McAllister RG : Clinical pharmacology of slow channel blocking agents. Progress in Cardiovasc Dis (In press 1982).

26.

Neugebauer G. : Comparative cardiovascular actions of verapamil and its major metabolites in the anesthetized dog. Cardiovasc Res 12:247-254, 1978.

27.

Harapat SR , Kates RE : High performance liquid chromatographic analysis of verapamil. II Simultaneous quantitation of verapamil and its active metabolite, nor-verapamil . J Chromatogr 181:484-489, 1980.

28.

Kaumann AJ , and Aramendia P. : Prevention of ventricular fibrillation induced by coronary ligation . J Pharmacol Exper Therapu 164:326-340, 1968.

29.

Fondacaro JD , Han JH , Joon MS : Effect of verapamil on ventricular rhythm during acute coronary occlusion. Amer Heart J 96:81-86, 1978.

30.

Filias N. : Verapamil—behandlung bei Herzrhythmusstorungen—Scheveiz Rundschan Med 3:66-74, 1974.

31.

Fazzini PF , Marchi F. , Pucci P. : Effects of verapamil on ventricular premature beats of acute myocardial infarction . Acta Cardiol 33:25-29, 1978.

32.

Elharrar V. , Gaum WE , Zipes DP : Effect of drugs on conduction delay and the incidence of ventricular arrhythmias induced by acute coronary occlusion in dogs. Amer J Cardiol 39:544-549, 1977.

33.

Wellens Hjj , Bar FW , Lie KI , et al: Effects of procainamide, propranolol and verapamil on mechanism of tachycardia in patients with chronic recurrent ventricular tachycardia. Amer J Cardiol 40:579-585, 1977.

34.

Spear JF , Horowitz LN , Hodess AB , et al: Cellular electrophysiology of human myocardial infarction. Abnormalities of cellular activation. Circ 59:247-256, 1979.

35.

Coumel P. , Leclercg JF , Attuel P. : Drug-resistant paroxysmal ventricular tachycardia: approach to drug management by intracardiac electrocardiography and ambulatory ECG monitoring , In: Management of Ventricular Tachycardia: role of mexiletine , ed. by Sandoe E , Julian DG and Bell JW, Holland , Excerpta Medica, 1978, pp. 433-464.

36.

Wellens Hjj , Farré J. , Bar WB : The role of the slow inward current in the genesis of ventricular tachyarrhythmias in man, In: The Slow Inward Current and Cardiac Arrhythmias , ed. by Zipes DP , Bailey JC , and Elharrar V , 1980, pp. 507-514.

37.

Singh BN , Hecht HS , Nademanee K. , Chew Cyc : Electrophysiological and hemodynamic actions of slow channel blocking compounds . Prog Cardiovasc Dis (In press, 1982).

38.

Schamroth L. , Krikler DM , Garrett C. : Immediate effects of intravenous verapamil in cardiac arrhythmias. Br Med J 1:660-664, 1972.

39.

Hartel G. , Hartikainen M. : Comparison of verapamil and practolol in paroxysmal supraventricularstachycardia . Eur J Cardiol 4:87-90, 1976.

40.

Sung RJ , Elser B. , McAllister RG : Intravenous verapamil for termination of re-entrant supraventricular tachycardias. Intracardiac studies correlated with plasma verapamil concentrations . Ann Int Med 93:682-689, 1980.

41.

Rinkenberger RL , Prystowsky EN , Heger JJ , et al: Effects of intravenous and chronic oral verapamil administration in patients with supraventricular tachyarrhythmias . Circ 62:996-1010, 1980.

42.

Josephson MA , Kastor JA : Supraventricular tachycardia: Mechanisms and management. Ann Int Med 87:346-353, 1977.

43.

Vohra I. , Peter CT , Hunt D. , Sloman G. : Verapamil induced premature ventricular beats before reversion of supraventricular tachycardia. Br Heart J 36:1186-1193, 1974 a.

44.

Vohra I. , Hunt D. , Stuckey J. , Sloman G. : Cycle length alternation in supraventricular tachycardia after administration of verapamil. Br Heart J 36:570-576, 1974b.

45.

Storstein O. , Landmark KH : Verapamil in the treatment of atrial tachycardia with block. Acta Medica Scandinavica 198:483-488, 1975.

46.

Krikler DM , Spurrell Raj : Verapamil in the treatment of paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia . Postgrad Med J 50:447-453, 1974.

47.

Wellens Hjj , Durrer D. : Effect of digitalis on atrioventricular conduction and circus movement tachycardias in patients with the Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome. Circ 47:1229-1238, 1973 .

48.

Schamroth L. : Immediate effects of intravenous verapamil on atrial fibrillation. Cardiovasc Res 5:419-424, 1971.

49.

Aronow WS , Landa D. , Plasencia G. , et al: Verapamil in atrial fibrillation and atrial flutter. Clin Pharmacol Therap 26:578-583,1979.

50.

Dominic J. , McAllister RG , Kuo CS , et al: Verapamil plasma levels and ventricular rate response in patients with atrial flutter and fibrillation and flutter. Clin Pharmacol Therp 26:710-714, 1979.

51.

Ryden L. , Saetre H. : The haemodynamic effect of verapamil. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 3:153-157, 1971.

52.

Vohra J. , Sloman G. , Hunt D. : Antiarrhythmic and hemodynamic properties of verapamil (abstr) Aust New Zeal J Med 4:102, 1974c.

53.

Klein HO , Pauzner H. , DiSegni E. , et al: The beneficial effects of verapamil in chronic atrial fibrillation . Ann Int Med 139:747-749, 1979.

54.

Khalsa A. , Olssen SB : Verapamil-induced ventricular regularity in atrial fibrillation. Acta Med Scan 205:509-515, 1979.

55.

Basu B. , Cherian G. , Abraham KA : Oral verapamil as maintenance therapy after cardioversion for atrial fibrillation. Indian J Chest Dis and All Sci 19:170-176, 1977.

56.

Seabra-Gomes, Rickards A , Sutton R. : Hemodynamic effects of verapamil and practolol in man. Eur J Cardiol 4:79-85, 1976.

57.

Klein HO , Lang R. , DiSegni E. , Kaplinsky E. : Verapamil-digoxin interaction. New Eng J Med 303:160, 1980 (Letter).