Oral Sensory-Motor Intervention for Children and Adolescents (3-18 Years) With Dysphagia or Impaired Saliva Control Secondary to Congenital or Early-Acquired Disabilities: A Review of the Literature,2000 to 2016
Restricted accessReview articleFirst published online December, 2018
Oral Sensory-Motor Intervention for Children and Adolescents (3-18 Years) With Dysphagia or Impaired Saliva Control Secondary to Congenital or Early-Acquired Disabilities: A Review of the Literature,2000 to 2016
Dysphagia and impaired saliva control are common in children and adolescents with congenital and developmental disabilities. The aim of the present review was to investigate the evidence base for oral sensory-motor interventions in children and adolescents with dysphagia or impaired saliva control secondary to congenital or early-acquired disabilities and to make recommendations regarding methods for intervention.
Methods:
A review of the literature from 2000 to 2016, including oral sensory-motor intervention studies for children and adolescents (3-18 years of age) with dysphagia or impaired saliva control secondary to congenital or early-acquired disabilities, was performed. The literature search included the PubMed, CINAHL, Medline, SpeechBITE, OVID, ERIC, Cochrane, and Google Scholar databases. Primary studies were evaluated on a 4-grade scale using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation.
Results:
Twenty primary studies of oral sensory-motor interventions for dysphagia and 6 studies for the treatment of impaired saliva control fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Of these, 3 were randomized, controlled trials. Five systematic reviews and 16 narrative reviews were also included. Limited and moderately strong recommendations were made on the basis of the grading results from the primary studies. The studies reported good results, but study design was often insufficient, and the study groups were small. The systematic reviews confirmed the lack of high scientific support for oral sensory-motor interventions in children and adolescents with congenital and developmental disabilities.
Conclusions:
There is an urgent need for high-quality studies that could serve as the basis for strong recommendations relating to oral sensory-motor interventions for children with dysphagia and impaired saliva control.
van den Engel-HoekLHardingCvan GervenMCockerillH. Pediatric feeding and swallowing rehabilitation: an overview. J Pediatr Rehabil Med. 2017;10(2):95-105.
4.
Weiss-LambrouRTetreaultSDudleyJ. The relationship between oral sensation and drooling in persons with cerebral palsy. Am J Occup Ther. 1989;43(3):155-161.
5.
KentRD. Nonspeech oral movements and oral motor disorders: a narrative review. Am J Speech Lang Pathol. 2015;24(4):763-789.
6.
ClarkHM. Neuromuscular treatments for speech and swallowing: a tutorial. Am J Speech Lang Pathol. 2004;12(4):400-415.
7.
HallbergUKlingbergG. Giving low priority to oral health care. Voices from people with disabilities in a grounded theory study. Acta Odontol Scand. 2007;65(5):265-270.
8.
JohnsonNELuebbeEEastwoodEChinNMoxleyRTIIIHeatwoleCR. The impact of congenital and childhood myotonic dystrophy on quality of life: a qualitative study of associated symptoms. J Child Neurol. 2014;29(7):983-986.
9.
SjögreenLMogrenÅAndersson-NorinderJBratelJ. Speech, eating and saliva control in rare diseases—a database study. J Oral Rehabil. 2015;42(11):819-827.
10.
Lefton-GreifMAOkeloSOWrightJMCollacoJMMcGrath-MorrowSAEakinMN. Impact of children’s feeding/swallowing problems: validation of a new caregiver instrument. Dysphagia. 2014;29(6):671-677.
11.
WallenGRMitchellSAMelnykBFineout-OverholtEMiller-DavisCYatesJHastingsC. Implementing evidence-based practice: effectiveness of a structured multifaceted mentorship programme. J Adv Nurs. 2010;66(12):2761-2771.
CarlstedtKHenningssonGMcAllisterADahllöfG. Long-term effects of palatal plate therapy on oral motor function in children with Down syndrome evaluated by video registration. Acta Odontol Scand. 2001;59(2):63-68.
16.
CarlstedtKHenningssonGDahllöfG. A four-year longitudinal study of palatal plate therapy in children with Down syndrome: effects on oral motor function, articulation and communication preferences. Acta Odontol Scand. 2003;61(1):39-46.
17.
HaberfellnerHSSchwartzSGiselEG. Feeding skills and growth after one year of intraoral appliance therapy in moderately dysphagic children with cerebral palsy. Dysphagia. 2001;16(2):83-96.
18.
GiselEGHaberfellnerHSchwartzS. Impact of oral appliance therapy: are oral skills and growth maintained one year after termination of therapy?Dysphagia. 2001;16(4):296-307.
19.
AlacamAKolcuoǧluN. Effects of two types of appliances on orofacial dysfunctions of disabled children. Br J Dev Disabil. 2007;53(105):111-123.
20.
ClawsonEPKuchinskiKSBachR. Use of behavioral interventions and parent education to address feeding difficulties in young children with spastic diplegic cerebral palsy. Neurorehabilitation. 2007;22(5):397-406.
21.
GibbonsBGWilliamsKERiegelKE. Reducing tube feeds and tongue thrust: combining an oral-motor and behavioral approach to feeding. Am J Occup Ther. 2007;61(4):384-391.
22.
KorbmacherHLimbrockHJKahl-NiekeB. Orofacial development in children with Down’s syndrome 12 years after early intervention with a stimulating plate. J Orofac Orthop. 2004;65(1):60-73.
23.
EckmanNWilliamsKERiegelKPaulC. Teaching chewing: a structured approach. Am J Occup Ther. 2008;62(5):514-521.
24.
SjögreenLTuliniusMKiliaridisSLohmanderA. The effect of lip strengthening exercises in children and adolescents with myotonic dystrophy type 1. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2010;74(10):1126-1134.
25.
ClawsonEPPalinskiKSElliottCA. Outcome of intensive oral motor and behavioural interventions for feeding difficulties in three children with Goldenhar Syndrome. Pediatr Rehabil. 2006;9(1):65-75.
26.
LammNCDe FeliceACarganA. Effect of tactile stimulation on lingual motor function in pediatric lingual dysphagia. Dysphagia. 2005;20(4):311-324.
27.
SaccomannoSAntoniniGD’AlatriLD’AngelantonioMFioritaADeliR. Causal relationship between malocclusion and oral muscles dysfunction: a model of approach. Eur J Paediatr Dent. 2012;13(4):321-323.
28.
GreenS. Case history: improved maxillary growth and development following digit sucking elimination and orofacial myofunctional therapy. Int J Orofacial Myology. 2013;39:45-53.
29.
GiucaMRPasiniMPaganoAMummoloSVanniA. Longitudinal study on a rehabilitative model for correction of atypical swallowing. Eur J Paediatr Dent. 2008;9(4):170-174.
30.
KorbmacherHSchwanMBerndsenSBullJKahl-NiekeB. Evaluation of a new concept of myofunctional therapy in children. Int J Orofacial Myology. 2004;30:39-52.
31.
SmithpeterJCovellDJ. Relapse of anterior open bites treated with orthodontic appliances with and without orofacial myofunctional therapy. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2010;137(5):605-614.
32.
BaileyRLAngellME. Effects of an oral-sensory/oral-motor stimulation/positive reinforcement program on the acceptance of nonpreferred foods by youth with physical and multiple disabilities. Phys Disabil Educ Relat Serv. 2005;24(1):41-61.
33.
TamuraFKikutaniTMachidaRTakahashiNNishiwakiKYaegakiK. Feeding therapy for children with food refusal. Int J Orofacial Myology. 2011;37:57-68.
34.
SchwarzSMCorredorJFisher-MedinaJCohenJRabinowitzS. Diagnosis and treatment of feeding disorders in children with developmental disabilities. Pediatrics. 2001;108(3):671-676.
35.
ArvedsonJClarkHLazarusCSchoolingTFrymarkT. The effects of oral-motor exercises on swallowing in children: an evidence-based systematic review. Dev Med Child Neurol. 2010;52(11):1000-1013.
36.
MorganATDodrillPWardEC. Interventions for oropharyngeal dysphagia in children with neurological impairment. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2012;(10):CD009456.
SheppardJJ. Using motor learning approaches for treating swallowing and feeding disorders: a review. Lang Speech Hear Serv Sch. 2008;39(2):227-236.
39.
SniderLMajnemerADarsaklisV. Feeding interventions for children with cerebral palsy: a review of the evidence. Phys Occup Ther Pediatr. 2011;31(1):58-77.
40.
DurvasulaVSO’NeillACRichterGT. Oropharyngeal Dysphagia in children: mechanism, source, and management. Otolaryngol Clin North Am. 2014;47(5):691-720.
41.
DusickA. Investigation and management of dysphagia. Semin Pediatr Neurol. 2003;10:255-264.
42.
FaulksDMazilleMNColladoVVeyruneJLHennequinM. Masticatory dysfunction in persons with Down’s syndrome. Part 2: management. J Oral Rehabil. 2008;35(11):863-869.
GiselE. Interventions and outcomes for children with dysphagia. Dev Disabil Res Rev. 2008;14(2):165-173.
45.
HardingCCockerillH. Managing eating and drinking difficulties (dysphagia) with children who have learning disabilities: what is effective?Clin Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2015;20(3):395-405.
46.
MartinRE. Neuroplasticity and swallowing. Dysphagia. 2009;24(2):218-229.
47.
HeglandKWMurryT. Nonsurgical treatment: swallowing rehabilitation. Otolaryngol Clin North Am. 2013;46(6):1073-1085.
KoskimiesMPahkalaRMyllykangasR. Palatal training appliances in children with mild to moderate oral dysfunctions. J Clin Pediatr Dent. 2011;36(2):149-153.
50.
ZavagliaVNoriAMansourN. Long term effects of the palatal plate therapy for the orofacial regulation in children with Down syndrome. J Clin Pediatr Dent. 2003;28(1):89-93.
51.
GerekMÇiyiltepeM. Dysphagia management of pediatric patients with cerebral palsy. Br J Dev Disabil. 2005;51(100):57-72.
52.
JohnsonHMReidSMHazardCJLucasLODesaiMReddihoughDS. Effectiveness of the Innsbruck Sensorimotor Activator and Regulator in improving saliva control in children with cerebral palsy. Dev Med Child Neurol. 2004;46(1):39-45.
53.
PaniSCHegdeAM. Functional appliance therapy to control drooling: a case of a child with mental retardation. J Clin Pediatr Dent. 2007;31(4):284-286.
54.
WalsheMSmithMPenningtonL. Interventions for drooling in children with cerebral palsy. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2012;(14):CD008624.
55.
LalDHotalingAJ. Drooling. Curr Opin Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2006;14(6):381-386.
56.
Lloyd FaulconbridgeRVTranterRMMoffatVGreenE. Review of management of drooling problems in neurologically impaired children: a review of methods and results over 6 years at Chailey Heritage Clinical Services. Clin Otolaryngol Allied Sci. 2001;26(2):76-81.
57.
MeningaudJPPitak-ArnnopPChikahaniLBertrandJC. Drooling of saliva: a review of the etiology and management options. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2006;101(1):48-57.
58.
HaberfellnerH. ISMAR: an autotherapeutic device assisting patients from drooling to articulated speech. Pediatr Rehabil. 2005;8(4):248-262.
59.
CrysdaleWSMaccannCRoskeLJosephMSemenukDChaitP. Saliva control issues in the neurologically challenged. A 30 year experience in team management. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2006;70(3):519-527.
60.
WadeD. Rehabilitation—a new approach. Part three: the implications of the theories. Clin Rehabil. 2016;30(1):3-10.
61.
ScalzittiDA. Evidence-based guidelines: application to clinical practice. Phys Ther. 2001;81(10):1622-1628.
