The cellular expression of α, μ, and π classes of glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) was investigated in human nasal mucosa by means of immunocytochemical techniques. In the olfactory mucosa, immunoreactivity for GST-α was most intense in the acinar cells of the Bowman's glands, with weak immunoreactivity in the supranuclear region of sustentacular cells. Whereas GST-π was localized only in the sustentacular cells, no GST-μ was detected. In the respiratory mucosa, GST-α and GST-π were detected at the brush borders of ciliated columnar epithelial cells. There were age- and gender-related trends in the expression of GST-α, but not GST-π, in the olfactory mucosa. The intensity of immunoreactivity in the olfactory mucosa was decreased in older subjects. The expression of GST-α in the olfactory mucosa of females consistently exhibited greater intensity than that of males at all the ages studied. These differences were not observed in the respiratory mucosa. These results indicate that acinar cells of the Bowman's glands and sustentacular cells are the major sites of phase II biotransformation in the human nasal mucosa.
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