Primary Aspergillosis of the Larynx and Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Primary laryngeal aspergillosis is exceptionally rare, and only five cases have been reported in the literature. We present here two cases of invasive laryngeal aspergillosis without tracheobronchopulmonary extension and without any generalized immune deficit. Aspergillosis developed after local radiotherapy for a squamous cell carcinoma and preceded a recurrence of the tumor. The relationships between the clinical features, the histopathology, and the etiology of laryngeal aspergillosis and squamous cell carcinoma are discussed. We recommend that following treatment of laryngeal aspergillosis, these rare patients should systematically be investigated for a squamous cell carcinoma or a recurrence thereof.