We numerically studied the optical properties of spherical nanostructures made of an emitter core coated by a silver shell through the generalized Mie theory. When there is a strong coupling between the localized surface plasmon in the metallic shell and the emitter exciton in the core, the extinction spectra exhibit two peaks. Upon adsorption of analytes on these core-shell nanostructures, the intensities of the two peaks change with opposite trends. This property makes them potential sensitive ratiometric sensors. Molecule adsorption on these nanostructures can be quantified through a very simple optical configuration likely resulting in a much faster acquisition time compared with systems based on the traditional metal nanoparticle surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensors.
SchluckerS.“Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy: Concepts and Chemical Applications”. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl2014; 53(19): 4756–4795.
2.
AnkerJ.N.HallW.P.LyandresO.ShahN.C.ZhaoJ., et al.“Biosensing with Plasmonic Nanosensors”. Nat. Mater2008; 7(6): 442–453.
3.
PeltonM.“Modified Spontaneous Emission in Nanophotonic Structures”. Nat. Photonics2015; 9(7): 427–435.
4.
MockJ.J.SmithD.R.SchultzS.“Local Refractive Index Dependence of Plasmon Resonance Spectra from Individual Nanoparticles”. Nano Lett2003; 3(4): 485–491.
5.
BeckerJ.TrüglerA.JakabA.HohenesterU.SonnichsenC.“The Optimal Aspect Ratio of Gold Nanorods for Plasmonic Bio-Sensing”. Plasmonics2010; 5(2): 161–167.
6.
NehlC.L.LiaoH.HafnerJ.H.“Optical Properties of Star-Shaped Gold Nanoparticles”. Nano Lett2006; 6(4): 683–688.
7.
SherryL.J.ChangS.H.SchatzG.C.DuyneR.P. VanWileyB.J., et al.“Localized Surface Plasmon Resonance Spectroscopy of Single Silver Nanocubes”. Nano Lett2005; 5(10): 2034–2038.
8.
HuY.FlemingR.C.DrezekR.A.“Optical Properties of Gold-Silica-Gold Multilayer Nanoshells”. Opt. Express2008; 16(24): 19579–19591.
9.
KatyalJ.SoniR.K.“Localized Surface Plasmon Resonance and Refractive Index Sensitivity of Metal-Dielectric-Metal Multilayered Nanostructures”. Plasmonics2014; 9(5): 1171–1181.
ZhangC.ChenB.Q.LiZ.Y.XiaY.ChenY.G.“Surface Plasmon Resonance in Bimetallic Core–Shell Nanoparticles”. J. Phys. Chem. C2015; 119(29): 16836–16845.
12.
ShibataH.ImakitaK.FujiiM.“Fabrication of a Core–Shell–Shell Particle with a Quarter-Wave Thick Shell and its Optical Properties”. RSC Adv2014; 4(61): 32293–32297.
13.
ChenF.X.WangX.C.XiaD.L.WangL.S.“Design and Optimization of Ag-Dielectric Core-Shell Nanostructures for Silicon Solar Cells”. AIP Adv2015; 5(9): 097129.
14.
AntosiewiczT.J.ApellS.P.ShegaiT.“Plasmon–Exciton Interactions in a Core–Shell Geometry: From Enhanced Absorption to Strong Coupling”. ACS Photonics2014; 1(5): 454–463.
15.
UwadaT.ToyotaR.MasuharaH.AsahiT.“Single Particle Spectroscopic Investigation on the Interaction between Exciton Transition of Cyanine Dye J-Aggregates and Localized Surface Plasmon Polarization of Gold Nanoparticles”. J. Phys. Chem. C2007; 111(4): 1549–1552.
16.
WiederrechtG.P.WurtzG.A.HranisavljevicJ.“Coherent Coupling of Molecular Excitons to Electronic Polarizations of Noble Metal Nanoparticles”. Nano Lett2004; 4(11): 2121–2125.
17.
BhandariR.“Scattering Coefficients for a Multilayered Sphere: Analytic Expressions and Algorithms”. Appl. Opt1985; 24(13): 1960–1967.
18.
SinzigJ.QuintenM.“Scattering and Absorption by Spherical Multilayer Particles”. Appl. Phys. A: Mater. Sci. Process1994; 58(2): 157–162.
19.
Luk’yanchukB.ZheludevN.I.MaierS.A.HalasN.J.NordlanderP., et al.“The Fano Resonance in Plasmonic Nanostructures and Metamaterials”. Nat. Mater2010; 9(9): 707–715.
20.
KhlebtsovB.KhlebtsovN.“Ultrasharp Light-Scattering Resonances of Structured Nanospheres: Effects of Size-Dependent Dielectric Functions”. J. Biomed. Opt2006; 11(4): 215–219.
21.
ZhangA.Q.QianD.J.ChenM.“Simulated Optical Properties of Noble Metallic Nanopolyhedra with Different Shapes and Structures”. Eur. Phys. J. D2013; 67(11): 231.
22.
FofangN.T.ParkT.H.NeumannO.MirinN.A.NordlanderP., et al.“Plexcitonic Nanoparticles: Plasmon-Exciton Coupling in Nanoshell-J-Aggregate Complexes”. Nano Lett2008; 8(10): 3481–3487.
23.
ArnoldN.PiglmayerK.KildishevA.V.KlarT.A.“Spasers with Retardation and Gain Saturation: Electrodynamic Description of Fields and Optical Cross-Sections”. Opt. Mater. Express2015; 5(11): 2546–2577.
24.
GordonJ.A.ZiolkowskiR.W.“The Design and Simulated Performance of a Coated Nano-Particle Laser”. Opt. Express2007; 15(5): 2622–2653.
25.
McPeakK.M.JayantiS.V.KressS.J.P.MeyerS.IottiS., et al.“Plasmonic Films Can Easily Be Better: Rules and Recipes”. ACS Photonics2015; 2(3): 326–333.
26.
RycengaM.CobleyC.M.ZengJ.LiW.MoranC.H., et al.“Controlling the Synthesis and Assembly of Silver Nanostructures for Plasmonic Applications”. Chem. Rev2011; 111(6): 3669–3712.
27.
WilletsK.A.DuyneR.P. Van. “Localized Surface Plasmon Resonance Spectroscopy and Sensing”. Annu. Rev. Phys. Chem2007; 58: 267–297.
28.
JeongS.H.ChoiH.KimJ.Y.LeeT.W.“Silver-Based Nanoparticles for Surface Plasmon Resonance in Organic Optoelectronics”. Part. Part. Syst. Charact2015; 32(2): 164–175.
29.
MalitsonI.H.“Interspecimen Comparison of the Refractive Index of Fused Silica”. J. Opt. Soc. Am1965; 55(10): 1205–1209.
30.
S.A. Maier. “Localized Surface Plasmons”. Plasmonics: Fundamentals and Applications. New York: Springer, 2007. Chap. 5, Pages 73–77.
31.
BonnandC.BellessaJ.PlenetJ.C.“Properties of Surface Plasmons Strongly Coupled to Excitons in an Organic Semiconductor Near a Metallic Surface”. Phys. Rev. B2006; 73(24): 245330.
32.
BellessaJ.BonnandC.PlenetJ.C.MugnierJ.“Strong Coupling Between Surface Plasmons and Excitons in an Organic Semiconductor”. Phys. Rev. Lett2004; 93(3): 036404.
33.
ZenginG.WersällM.NilssonS.AntosiewiczT.J.KallM., et al.“Realizing Strong Light-Matter Interactions between Single-Nanoparticle Plasmons and Molecular Excitons at Ambient Conditions”. Phys. Rev. Lett2015; 114(15): 157401.
34.
ZenginG.JohanssonG.JohanssonP.AntosiewiczT.J.KallM., et al.“Approaching the Strong Coupling Limit in Single Plasmonic Nanorods Interacting with J-Aggregates”. Sci. Rep2013; 3: 3074.
35.
BalciS.“Ultrastrong Plasmon-Exciton Coupling in Metal Nanoprisms with J-Aggregates”. Opt. Lett2013; 38(21): 4498–4501.
36.
BalciS.KucukozB.BalciO.KaratayA.KocabasC., et al.“Tunable Plexcitonic Nanoparticles: A Model System for Studying Plasmon-Exciton Interaction from the Weak to the Ultrastrong Coupling Regime”. ACS Photonics2016; 3(11): 2010–2016.
37.
WersallM.CuadraJ.AntosiewiczT.J.BalciS.ShegaiT.“Observation of Mode Splitting in Photoluminescence of Individual Plasmonic Nanoparticles Strongly Coupled to Molecular Excitons”. Nano Lett2017; 17(1): 551–558.
38.
BellessaJ.SymondsC.LaverdantJ.BenoitJ.M.PlenetJ.C., et al.“Strong Coupling between Plasmons and Organic Semiconductors”. Electronics2014; 3(2): 303–313.
39.
OldenburgS.J.AverittR.D.WestcottS.L.HalasN.J.“Nanoengineering of optical resonances”. Chem. Phys. Lett1998; 288(2–4): 243–247.
40.
TörmäP.BarnesW.L.“Strong Coupling Between Surface Plasmon Polaritons and Emitters: A Review”. Rep. Prog. Phys2015; 78(1): 013901.
41.
RollerE.M.ArgyropoulosC.HogeleA.LiedlT.Pilo-PaisM.“Plasmon-Exciton Coupling Using DNA Templates”. Nano Lett2016; 16(9): 5962–5966.
42.
ZhouN.YuanM.GaoY.H.LiD.S.YangD.“Silver Nanoshell Plasmonically Controlled Emission of Semiconductor Quantum Dots in the Strong Coupling Regime”. ACS Nano2016; 10(4): 4154–4163.
43.
ChenZ.ZhanP.WangZ.L.ZhangJ.H.ZhangW.Y., et al.“Two- and Three-Dimensional Ordered Structures of Hollow Silver Spheres Prepared by Colloidal Crystal Templating”. Adv. Mater2004; 16(5): 417–422.
44.
Ben MosheA.MarkovichG.“Synthesis of Single Crystal Hollow Silver Nanoparticles in a Fast Reaction-Diffusion Process”. Chem. Mater2011; 23(5): 1239–1245.
45.
ZhaoX.J.BagweR.P.TanW.H.“Development of Organic-Dye-Doped Silica Nanoparticles in a Reverse Microemulsion”. Adv. Mater2004; 16(2): 173–176.
46.
BagweR.P.YangC.Y.HilliardL.R.TanW.H.“Optimization of Dye-Doped Silica Nanoparticles Prepared Using a Reverse Microemulsion Method”. Langmuir2004; 20(19): 8336–8342.
Supplementary Material
Please find the following supplemental material available below.
For Open Access articles published under a Creative Commons License, all supplemental material carries the same license as the article it is associated with.
For non-Open Access articles published, all supplemental material carries a non-exclusive license, and permission requests for re-use of supplemental material or any part of supplemental material shall be sent directly to the copyright owner as specified in the copyright notice associated with the article.
