LibbyRL.A new and rapid quantitative technique for the determination of potency of types I and II antipneumococcal serum. J Immunol1938; 34: 269–79.
2.
RitchieRF.Automated immunoprecipitation analysis of serum proteins. In: PutnamFW, ed. The Plasma Proteins (Second Edition). New York, Academic Press, 1975; 2: 375–425.
3.
SavoryJBuffoneGJReichR.Kinetics of the IgG—anti IgG reaction, as evaluated by conventional and stopped-flow nephelometry. Clin Chem1974; 20: 1071–5.
4.
SavoryJBuffoneGJ.The measurement of specific proteins by fast analysis techniques. In: RitchieRF, ed. Automated Immunoanalysis.New York, Marcel Dekker, 1978; 2: 335–52.
5.
TyndallJ.On some phenomena connected with the motion of liquids. Proc Roy Inst1854; 1: 446–8.
6.
StruttJW RtHonRayleighLordOn the light from the sky, its polarization and colour. Phil Mag1871; 41: 107–20.
7.
StruttJW RtHonRayleighLordOn the scattering of light by small particles. Phil Mag1871; 41: 447–54.
8.
LordRayleighOn the electromagnetic theory of light. Phil Mag1881; 12: 81–101.
9.
LordRayleighThe incidence of light upon a transparent sphere of dimensions comparable with wavelength. Proc Roy Soc.1910; A84: 25–46.
10.
DebyeP.Zerstreuung von Rontgenstrahen. Ann Physik1915; 46: 809–23.
11.
MieG.Beiträge zur Optik trüber Medien, Speziell kolloidaler Metallosungen. Ann Physik1908; 25: 377–445.
NajjarVA.Some aspects of antibody-antigen reactions and theoretical considerations of the immunologic response. Physiol Rev.1963; 43: 243–62.
14.
HeidelbergerMKendallFE.Quantitative theory of the precipitin reaction; study of azoprotein—antibody system. J Exp Med.1935; 62: 467–83.
15.
TengerdyRP.Reaction kinetic studies of the antigen-antibody reaction. J Immunol1967; 99: 126–32.
16.
MarrackJRRichardsCB.Light scattering studies of the formation of aggregates in mixtures of antigen and antibody. Immunol1971; 20: 1019–40.
17.
AndersonRJSternbergJC.A rate nephelometer for immunoprecipitin measurement of specific serum proteins. In: RitchieRF, ed. Automated Immunoanalysis.New York, Marcel Dekker, 1978; 2: 410–69.
18.
TengerdyCEAzariPTengerdyRP.Immunological reactions of conalbumin and its metal complexes. Nature1966; 211: 203–4.
19.
MindenPFarrRS.Ammonium sulphate method to measure antigen binding capacity. In: WeirDM, ed. Handbook of Experimental Immunology I. Immunochemistry.London, Blackwell, 1979; 13·1–13·22.
20.
ParkerCW.Spectrofluorometric methods. In: WeirDM, ed. Handbook of Experimental Immunology I. Immunochemistry.London, Blackwell1979; 18·1–18·25.
21.
LanniF.The specificity of serological precipitation. J Exp Med.1946; 84: 167–80.
22.
MarrackJRGrantRA.The interaction of antigen and antibody in low concentrations of salt. Brit J Exp Path1953; 34: 263–72.
23.
HawkinsJD.The effects of some solutes on the velocity of the precipitin reaction. Immunol1965; 9: 107–17.
24.
HenneyCSStanworthDRGellPGH.Demonstration of the exposure of new antigenic determinants following antigen-antibody combination. Nature (Lond)1965; 205: 1079–81.
25.
GrossbergALChenCRendinaLPressmanD.Specific cation effects with antibody to a hapten with a positive charge. J Immunol1962; 88: 600–3.
26.
PriceCPSpencerK.Kinetic immunoturbidimetry of human choriomammotropin in serum. Clin Chem1981; 27: 882–7.
27.
MarrackJR.The relation of the rates of flocculation and amounts of precipitate in precipitin reactions to the concentrations of hydrogen ion and neutral salts. Immunol1958; 1: 251–8.
28.
PriceCPSpencerK.The measurement of specific proteins by kinetic immunoturbidimetry. UV Spectro Group Bull1980; 8: 29–37.
29.
HellsingK.Enhancing effects of non ionic polymers on immunochemical reactions. In: RitchieRF, ed. Automated Immunoanalysis.New York, Marcel Dekker, 1978; 1: 67–112.
30.
HellsingKEnstromH.Pre-treatment of serum samples for immunonephelometric analysis by precipitation with polyethylene glycol. Scand J Clin Lab Invest1977; 35: 529–36.
31.
WhicherJTBlowC.Formulation of optimal conditions for an immunonephelometric assay. Ann Clin Biochem1980; 17: 170–7.
32.
SpencerKPriceCP.Clinical chemistry instrumentation and light scatter measurement. UV Spectro Group Bull1981; 8: 38–50.
33.
AnthonyFSpencerKMasonPMassonGMPriceCPWoodPJ.The variable influence of an α component in pregnancy plasma on four different assay systems for the measurement of pregnancy-specific β1 glycoprotein. Clin Chim Acta1980; 105: 287–95.
34.
BuffoneGJSavoryJHermansJ.Evaluation of kinetic light scattering as an approach to the measurement of specific proteins with the centrifugal fast analyser. II Theoretical considerations. Clin Chem1975; 21: 1735–46.
35.
ThorpJMHorsfallGBStoneMC.A new red sensitive micronephelometer. Med Biol Eng1967; 5: 51–6.
36.
WhicherJTHuntJDandoTPerryDE.An evaluation of the Kallestad nephelometer for the measurement of proteins.Department of Health and Social Security1979.
37.
TiffanyTO.The concepts of centrifugal analysers. In: PriceCPSpencerK, eds. Centrifugal Analysers in Clinical Chemistry.Eastbourne: Praeger, 1980; 3–27.
WhicherJTPerryDEHobbsKR.An evaluation of the Hyland laser nephelometer PDQ system for the measurement of immunoglobulins. Ann Clin Biochem1978; 15: 77–85.
40.
SieberAGrossJ.Protein determination by laser nephelometry. Med Lab.1977; 2: 17–24.
41.
BuffoneGJCrossRESavoryJSoodakC.Measurement of laser-induced near front surface light scattering with a parallel fast analyser system. Anal Chem1974; 46: 2047–9.
42.
BuffoneGJSavoryJCrossRE.Use of a laser modified centrifugal analyser for kinetic measurement of serum IgG. Clin Chem1974; 20: 1320–3.
43.
BuffoneGJSavoryJCrossREHammondJE.Evaluation of kinetic light scattering as an approach to the measurement of specific proteins with the centrifugal fast analyser. I Methodology. Clin Chem1975; 21: 1731–4.
44.
BuffoneGJLewisSSavoryJHicksJM.Measurement of proteins in serum, urine and cerebrospinal fluid using laser nephelometry. In: SundermanFSrFreemanT, eds. Seminar on Proteins and Proteinopathies.Philadelphia, Institute of Clinical Science, 1977: 73–9.
45.
RenoeBWSavoryJBuffoneGJCrossRE.Laser nephelometry and the measurement of specific proteins. In: PriceCPSpencerK, eds. Centrifugal Analysers in Clinical Chemistry.Eastbourne: Praeger, 1980: 395–409.
46.
SternbergJC.A rate nephelometer for measuring specific proteins by immunoprecipitation reactions. Clin Chem1977; 23: 1456–64.
47.
MaclinERohlfingDAnsourM.Relationship between variables in instrument performance and results of kinetic enzyme assays—a system approach. Clin Chem1973; 19: 832–7.
PardueHLHewittTEMilanoMJ.Photometric errors in equilibrium and kinetic analyses based on absorption spectroscopy. Clin Chem1974; 20: 1028–42.
50.
TiffanyTOThayerPCCoelhoCMManningGB.A propagation of errors analysis of the enzyme activity expression. A model for determining the total system random error of a kinetic enzyme analyser. Clin Chem1976; 22: 1438–50.
51.
DeverillI.Kinetic measurement of the immunoprecipitin reaction using the centrifugal analyser. In: PriceCPSpencerK, eds. Centrifugal Analysers in Clinical Chemistry.Eastbourne, Praeger, 1980: 109–24.
52.
BlomMHjornN.Profile analysis of blood proteins with a centrifugal analyser. Clin Chem1976; 22: 657–62.
53.
SpencerKPriceCP.The use of the IL Multistat III centrifugal analyser for kinetic immunoturbidimetry: the measurement of serum transferrin. In: PriceCPSpencerK, eds. Centrifugal Analysers in Clinical Chemistry.Eastbourne, Praeger, 1980: 457–64.
54.
SpencerKPriceCP.Kinetic immunoturbidimetry: the measurement of serum albumin. Clin Chim Acta1979; 95: 263–76.
55.
Van MunsterPJJHoelenGEJMSamwell-MantinghMHoltman-Van MeurosMA.A turbidimetric immunoassay (TIA) with automated individual blank compensation. Clin Chim Acta1977; 76: 377–88.
56.
PardueHL.A comprehensive classification of kinetic methods of analysis used in clinical chemistry. Clin Chem1977; 23: 2189–201.
57.
PriceCPSpencerK.Photometric performance and its relevance to chemistry performance. In: PriceCPSpencerK, eds. Centrifugal Analysers in Clinical Chemistry.Eastbourne, Praeger, 1980: 443–8.
58.
Muller-MatthesiusROpperC.Influence of measurement time and reaction medium on kinetic immunoturbidimetric protein determination. J Clin Chem Clin Biochem1980; 18: 501–8.
HillsLPTiffanyTO.Comparison of turbidimetric and light scattering measurements of immunoglobulins by use of a centrifugal analyser with absorbance and fluorescence/light scattering optics. Clin Chem1980; 26: 1459–66.
61.
TiffanyTOParellaJMJohnsonWFBurtisCA.Specific protein analysis by light scatter measurement with a miniature centrifugal fast analyser. Clin Chem1974; 20: 1055–61.
62.
BurtisCAJohnsonWFOvertonJBTiffanyTOMailenJC.Optimization and analytical applications of the technique of dynamic introduction of liquids into centrifugal analysers. Clin Chem1974; 20: 932–41.
63.
ButtnerJBorthRBoutwellJHBroughtonPMGBowyerRC.Approved recommendation on quality control in clinical chemistry. Part I General principles and terminology. Clin Chim Acta1979; 98: 129F–143F.
SeneviratneCJMooresS.Kinetic turbidimetric determination of serum immunoglobulins using a Multistat III centrifugal analyser. In: PriceCPSpencerK, eds. Centrifugal Analysers in Clinical Chemistry.Eastbourne, Praeger, 1980; 449–56.
66.
WoodPJCockettDMasonP.A rapid and inexpensive laser nephelometric assay for plasma pregnancy specific β1-glycoprotein levels. Clin Chim Acta1978; 90: 87–91.
67.
KallnerA.Removal of background interference in nephelometric determination of serum proteins. Clin Chim Acta1977; 80: 293–7.
68.
TiffanyTOManningGBHillsLPHueyEEFrankartML.The application of fluorescence measurements to the centrifugal analyser. In: PriceCPSpencerK, eds. Centrifugal Analysers in Clinical Chemistry.Eastbourne, Praeger, 1980: 329–61.
Borel-GiraudNMaillawinAVernet-NyssenM.Dosage de l'alpha-1-foetoproteine sérique par electroimmunodiffusion sur agarose. Clin Chim Acta1976; 71: 117–27.
71.
GillCWBushWBurleighWMFischerCL.An evaluation of a C-reactive protein assay using a rate immunonephelometric procedure. Am J Clin Path1981; 75: 50–5.
72.
KagedalBKallbergM.Determination of thyroxine binding globulin in human serum by single radial immunodiffusion and radioimmunoassay. Clin Chem1977; 23: 1694–9.
73.
MacdonaldDJNicolKMBelfieldAShahMMMackDS.Enzyme linked immunoassay for placental lactogen in human serum. Clin Chem1980; 26: 745–9.
74.
ChardTSykesA.Fluoroimmunoassay for human choriomammotropin. Clin Chem1979; 25: 973–5.
75.
RitchieRF.Reference materials for plasma protein analysis. In: RitchieRF, ed. Automated Immunoanalysis.New York: Marcel Dekker, 1978; 1: 159–80.
76.
ReimerCB.Standardization of immunoglobulin reagents. Health Lab Sci.1972; 9: 178–84.
RoweDSGrabBAndersonSG.An international reference preparation for human serum immunoglobulins G, A and M: content of immunoglobulins by weight. Bull World Health Org1972; 46: 67–79.
79.
ReimerCBSmithSJHannonWHProgress towards international reference standards for human serum proteins. J Biol Stand1978; 6: 133–58.
80.
WHO Expert Committee on Biological Standardization: Twenty-ninth Report, pp 19 and 147, Technical Report Series 626, WHO, Geneva1978.
81.
NakamuraRMHansonDJKeitgesPWReimerCBDorseyDBRitchieRF.Development of the CAP reference preparation for serum proteins. Pathol1981; 35: 377–9.
82.
RitchieRFAlperCAGravesJPearsonNLarsonC.Automated quantitation of proteins in serum and other biologic fluids. Am J Clin Pathol1973; 59: 151–9.
83.
HavezR.Laboratory experience and results in the determination of immunoglobulins and haptoglobin in an automated system. In: HammJD, ed. Automated Immunoprecipitin Reactions.New York, Technicon Instruments Corp, 1972; 45–52.
84.
MarkowitzHTschidaAR.Automated quantitative immunochemical analysis of human immunoglobulins. Clin Chem1972; 18: 1364–7.
85.
WebsterD.A study of the interaction of bromocresol green with isolated serum globulin fractions. Clin Chim Acta1974; 53: 109–15.
StandingSPriceCP.A kinetic method for the determination of haptoglobin as haemoglobin binding capacity. Clin Chim Acta1976; 66: 393–403.
88.
GollanJLStocksJDormandyTLSherlockS.Reduced oxidase activity in the caeruloplasmin of two families with Wilson's disease. J Clin Path1977; 30: 81–3.
89.
RatcliffeWAHazeltonRAThomsonJARatcliffeJG.The effect of Fencoflenac on thyroid function tests in vivo and in vitro. Clin Endo1980; 13: 569–75.
90.
RiccomiHMassonPLVaermanJPHeremansJF.An automated nephelometric inhibition immunoassay (NINA) for haptens. In: HammJD, ed. Automated Immunprecipitin Reactions.New York, Technicon, 1972; 9–11.
91.
CambiasoCLRiccomiHMassonPLHeremansJF.Automated nephelometric immunoassay. II Its application to the determination of haptens. J Immunol Meth1974; 5: 293–302.
92.
GrangeJRochAMQuashGA.Nephelometric assay of antigens and antibodies with latex particles. J Immunol Meth1977; 18: 365–75.
93.
CambiasoCLLeekAEDe SteenwinkelFBillenJMassonPL.Particle counting immunoassay (PACIA). IA general method for the determination of antibodies, antigens and haptens. J Immunol Meth1977; 18: 33–44.
94.
CohenRJBenedekGB.Immunoassay by light scattering spectroscopy. Immunochem1975; 12: 349–51.
95.
Von SchulthessGKCohenRJSakatoNBenedekGB.Laser light scattering spectroscopic immunoassay for mouse IgA. Immunochem1976; 13: 955–62.
96.
Von SchulthessGKCohenRJBenedekGB.Laser light scattering spectroscopic immunoassay in the agglutination-inhibition mode for human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) and human luteinizing hormone (HLH). Immunochem1976; 13: 963–6.
97.
CambiasoCLRiccomiHSindicCMassonPL.Particle counting immunoassay (PACIA). II Automated determination of circulating immune complexes by inhibition of the agglutinating activity of rheumatoid sera. J Immunol Meth1978; 23: 29–50.
98.
LeekAEDe SteenwinkelFCambiasoCLMassonPL.Particle counting immunoassay (PACIA). V Its application to the determination of human placental lactogen. J Autom Chem1980; 2: 149–52.
99.
CambiasoCLHolyHW.An optical particle counting method for the determination of immune complexes. In: Proceedings of the Eighth Technicon International Congress. Basingstoke, Technicon, 1979; 1–15.
100.
MassonPLCambiasoCL.The determination of circulating immune complexes by the agglutination inhibition test: its clinical interest. In: Advances in Automated Analysis.Miami, Thurman Associates, 1976; 249–53.
101.
KohlerGMilsteinC.Continuous culture of fused cells secreting antibody of predefined specificity. Nature1975; 256: 495–7.
102.
SteensgardJJacobsenCLoweJHardieDLingNRJefferisR.The development of difference turbidimetric analysis for monoclonal antibodies to human IgG. Mol Immunol1980; 17: 1315–8.
103.
WhicherJTPriceCPSpencerK.Immunonephelometric and immunoturbidimetric assays for proteins. CRC Critical Reviews in Clinical Laboratory Sciences1982; 18 in press.