Isaiah's Sign of Immanuel

J. Lindblom , A Study on the Immanuel Section in Isaiah: Isa vii, 1-ix, 6 ( Lund [1958]), 15.

Reading še'ōlā with Aquila, Symmachus, Theodotion. So also BHS, and, e.g., H. Wildberger, Jesaja 1-12 (Neukirchen-Vluyn [1972]), 267.

Lindblom, op. cit., 15. See also R. Kilian , Die Verheissung Immanuels, Jes. 7, 14 (Stuttgart [1968 ]), 31f.

H. Gunkel , quoted by H.J. Helfmeyer , Article ōt, Theological Dictionary of the Old Testament, Edd. G. J. Botterweck and H. Ringgren , Vol. I (Grand Rapids [1974]), 170.

I understand the preposition I of leda'tō as temporal, that is as signifying a point in time, rather than in the sense of 'in order that'.

G.W. Buchanan , 'The Old Testament Meaning of the Knowledge of Good and Evil' (JBL 75 [1956]),114-120. See also the treatment of such antithetic words by J.A. Emerton , 'Some Linguistic and Historical Problems in Isaiah VIII. 23' (JSS 14 [1969]). 151-175.

W. McKane, 'The Interpretation of Isaiah VII. 14-25' (VT, 17 (1967]), 208-215, at p. 209.

J.J. Stamm , 'La Prophétie D'Emmanuel' (Revue de Theologie et de Philosophie XXXII [1944]), 97-123, esp. p. 122.

G.F. Hasel , The Remnant. The History and Theology of the Remnant Idea from Genesis to Isaiah (Berrien Springs [1972]), 297; H.W. Wolff , Frieden ohne Ende ( Neukirchen [1962]). 48.

G.B. Gray , A Critical and Exegetical Commentary on the Book of Isaiah (I-XXVII) (Edinburgh [1912]), 132f.

" 2 Kgs 162 and 182 tell us that Hezekiah ascended the throne when he was twenty-five years old, after his father had reigned sixteen years, thus making him nine years old when Ahaz began to reign, and even older at the time of the Syro-Ephraimite crisis.

C.R. North. Immanuel' (Dictionary of the Bible, Edd: Grant and Rowley , Edinburgh [1963]), 413-415, see p. 414. 13 O.C. Whitehouse , Isaiah, I (Century Bible, Edinburgh [n.d.]), 132.

H. Kruse, 'Alma Redemptoris Mater. Eine Auslegung der Immanuel-Weissagung, Is. 7, 14' (Trierer Theologische Zeitschrift, 74 [1965]), 15-36; Wolff, op. cit., 34; L. G. Rignell, 'Das Immanuelszeichen' (ST, 11 119571), 99-119, esp. 112-115.

R. Kittel , Die hellenistische Mysterienreligion und das Alte Testament ( Stuttgart [1924]), E. Hammershaimb , 'The Emmanuel Sign' (Some Aspects of Old Testament Prophecy from Isaiah to Malachi, Aarhus [1966]), 9-28.

M. Noth , 'God, King and Nation' (The Laws in the Pentateuch and Other Studies, London [ 1966]), 165. See also C.R. North , 'The Religious Aspects of Hebrew Kingship' (ZA W N.F. IX [1932]), 8-38.