The purpose of this study is to incorporate various theoretical approaches in international communication research into the world system theory and to test this model within a comparative design based on the data collected from six countries. The results show that core nations in the world system often dominate the flow of news and coverage in international communication. If an equation can be used, one core country covered in international news would be equal to two semi-peripheral countries and about seven peripheral nations.
Adams, W.C. (ed.) (1982) Television Coverage of International Affairs. Norwood, NJ: Ablex.
2.
Adams, W.C. (1986) `Whose Lives Count?: TV Coverage of Natural Disasters', Journal of Communication36: 113-122.
3.
Barnett, G.A. and Y. Choi (1995) `Physical Distance and Language as Determinants of the International Telecommunication Network', International Political Science Review16: 249-265.
4.
Barnett, G.A. and J.G.T. Salisbury (1996) `Communication and Globalization: A Longitudinal Analysis of the International Telecommunication network', Journal of World-Systems Research2: 1-17.
5.
Barnett, G.A. , T.L. Jacobson, Y. Choi and S.L. Sun-Miller (1996) `An Examination of the International Telecommunication Network', The Journal of International Communication3: 19-43.
6.
Bollen, K. (1983) `World System Position, Dependency, and Democracy: The Cross-National Evidence', American Sociological Review48: 468-479.
7.
Boyd-Barrett, O. (1979) `Media Imperialism: Toward an International Framework for the Analysis of Media Systems', pp. 116-135 in J. Curran, M. Gurevitch and J. Woolacoot (eds) Mass Communication and Society. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.
8.
Breed, W. (1955) `Social Control in the Newsroom', Social Forces33: 326-335.
9.
Chang, T.K. (1998) `All Countries not Created Equal to be News: World System and International Communication', Communication Research25: 528-563.
10.
Chang, T.K. and J.W. Lee (1992) `Factors Affecting Gatekeepers' Selection of Foreign News: A National Survey of Newspaper Editors', Journalism Quarterly69: 554-561.
11.
Chang, T.K. , P. Shoemaker and N. Brendlinger (1987) `Determinants of International News Coverage in the U.S. Media', Communication Research14: 396-414.
12.
Chang, T.K. , J. Wang and C.H. Chen (1998) `The Social Construction of International Imagery in the Post-Cold War Era: A Comparative Analysis of U.S. and Chinese National TV News', Journal of Broadcasting and Electronic Media42: 277-296.
13.
Chase-Dunn, C. and P. Grimes (1995) `World Systems Analysis', Annual Review of Sociology21: 387-417.
14.
Chase-Dunn, C. and T.D. Hall (1993) `Comparing World-Systems: Concepts and Working Hypotheses', Social Forces71: 851-886.
15.
Dahlgren, P. with S. Chakrapani (1982) `The Third World on TV News: Western Ways of Seeing the “Other” ', pp. 45-65 in W.C. Adams (ed.) Television Coverage of International Affairs. Norwood, NJ: Ablex.
16.
Frederick, H.H. (1993) Global Communication and International Relations. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth.
17.
Galtung, J. (1971) `A Structural Theory of Imperialism', Journal of Peace Research8: 81-118.
18.
Galtung, J. and M.H. Ruge (1965) `The Structure of Foreign News', Journal of Peace Research2: 64-91.
19.
Gans, H. (1979) Deciding What's News. New York: Random House.
20.
Gunaratne, S.A. (1999) `The Media in Asia: An Overview', Gazette61: 197-223.
21.
Hester, A. (1971) `An Analysis of News from Developed and Developing Nations', Gazette7: 30-40.
22.
Hester, A. (1973) `Theoretical Consideration in Predicting Volume and Direction of International Information Flow', Gazette19: 238-247.
23.
Holsti, O.R. (1969) Content Analysis for the Social Sciences and Humanities. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.
24.
Hur, K.K. (1982) `International Mass Communication Research: A Critical Review of Theory and Methods', pp. 531-554 in M. Burgoon and N.E. Doran (eds) Communication Yearbook, Vol. 6. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.
25.
Inkeles, A. and M. Sasaki (eds) (1996) Comparing Nations and Cultures: Readings in a Cross-Disciplinary Perspective. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
26.
Johnson, M.A. (1997) `Predicting News Flow from Mexico', Journalism and Mass Communication Quarterly74: 315-330.
27.
Kim, K. and G.A. Barnett (1996) `The Determinants of International News Flow: A Network Analysis', Communication Research23: 323-352.
28.
Kohn, M.L. (1989) `Introduction', pp. 17-31 in M.L. Kohn (ed.) Cross-National Research in Sociology. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
29.
Lazarsfeld, P.F. (1976) `The Prognosis for International Communications Research', pp. 485-492 in H.-D. Fischer and J.C. Merrill (eds) International and Intercultural Communication. New York: Hastings House.
30.
Lee, C.C. (1980) Media Imperialism Reconsidered: The Homogenizing of Television Culture. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.
31.
Madec, A. (1981) `The Political Economy of Information Flows', Intermedia9: 29-32.
32.
Merrill, J.C. (1981) `A Growing Controversy: The “Free Flow” of News among Nations', pp. 151-160 in J. Richstad and M.H. Anderson (eds) Crisis in International News: Policies and Prospects. New York: Columbia University Press.
33.
Meyer, W.H. (1989) `Global News Flows: Dependency and Neoimperialism', Comparative Political Studies22: 243-264.
34.
Nnaemeka, T. and J. Richstad (1979) Approaches to International News Flow Studies, Occasional Papers 10. Singapore: Asian Mass Communication Research and Information Center.
35.
Nordenstreng, K. and H.I. Schiller (eds) (1993) Beyond National Sovereignty: International Communication in the 1990s. Norwood, NJ: Ablex.
36.
Ostgaard, E. (1965) `Factors Influencing the Flow of News', Journal of Peace Research2: 39-64.
37.
Przeworski, A. and H. Teune (1981) The Logic of Comparative Social Inquiry, rev. edn.New York: John Wiley.
38.
Rosenblum, M. (1981) Coups and Earthquakes: Reporting the World to America. New York: Harper and Row.
39.
Rosengren, K.E. (1970) `International News: Intra and Extra Media Data', Acta Sociologica13: 96-109.
40.
Rosengren, K.E. (1974) `International News: Methods, Data and Theory', Journal of Peace Research11: 145-156.
41.
Rosengren, K.E. (1977) `Four Types of Tables', Journal of Communication27: 67-75.
42.
Rossem, R.V. (1996) `The World System Paradigm as General Theory of Development: A Cross-National Test', American Sociological Review61: 508-527.
43.
Schiller, H.I. (1969) Mass Communication and American Empire. New York: Killy Publishers.
44.
Schramm, W. (1964) Mass Media and National Development. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
45.
Shannon, T.R. (1996) An Introduction to the World-System Perspective. Boulder, CO: Westview Press.
46.
Singhal, A. and P. Sthapitanonda (1996) `The Role of Communication in Development: Lessons Learned from a Critique of the Dominant, Dependency, and Alternative Paradigms', Journal of Development Communication5: 10-25.
47.
Smelser, N.J. (1976) Comparative Methods in the Social Sciences. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
48.
Smith, D.A. and D.R. White (1992) `Structure and Dynamic of the Global Economy: Network Analysis of International Trade 1965-1980', Social Forces70: 857-893.
49.
Snyder, d. and E. Kick (1979) `Structural Position in the World System and Economic Growth, 1955-1970: A Multiple Network of Transnational Interactions', American Journal of Sociology84: 1096-1126.
50.
So, A. (1990) Social Change and Development: Modernization, Dependency, and World-System Theories. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
51.
Steiber, S. (1979) `The World System and World Trade: An Empirical Explanation of Conceptual Conflicts', The Sociological Quarterly20: 23-36.
52.
Stevenson, R.L. (1992) `Defining International Communication as a Field', Journalism Quarterly69: 543-553.
53.
Stevenson, R.L. and D.L. Shaw (eds) (1984) Foreign News and the New World Information Order. Ames: Iowa State University.
54.
Tomlinson, J. (1991) Cultural Imperialism: A Critical Introduction. London: Pinter.
55.
Wallerstein, I. (1974) The Modern World System. New York: Academic Press.
56.
Wallerstein, I. (1979) The Capitalist World-Economy. Cambridge, MA: Cambridge University Press.
57.
Wallerstein, I. (1996) `National Development and the World System at the End of the Cold War', pp. 484-497 in A. Inkeles and M. Sasaki (eds) Comparing Nations and Cultures: Readings in a Cross-Disciplinary Perspective. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.