Low Cultural Identification,Low Parental Involvement and Adverse Peer Influences as Risk Factors for Delinquent Behaviour Among Filipino Youth in Hawai‘I
Restricted accessResearch articleFirst published online July, 2010
Low Cultural Identification,Low Parental Involvement and Adverse Peer Influences as Risk Factors for Delinquent Behaviour Among Filipino Youth in Hawai‘I
Background: Among Filipino youth in Hawai‘i, low Filipino cultural identification and low family support may be important risk factors for delinquency.
Aims: To examine, in a sample of Filipino youth in Hawai‘i, correlations between delinquent behaviour and the aforementioned — as well as other, potentially mediating — variables.
Methods: A youth risk survey and Filipino Culture Scale were administered to Filipino students (N = 150) in Hawai‘i. A parent risk survey was administered to available and consenting parents.
Results: Delinquent behaviour correlated positively with acculturative stress, low cultural identification and adverse peer influences; and negatively with total Filipino Culture Scale score. Structural equation modelling suggested that absent/ ineffective adults and adverse peer influences might be more important variables compared to low self-esteem and less religiosity, linking low cultural identification to delinquent behaviour.
Conclusions: Although further studies are warranted, to be effective, efforts to prevent delinquency by enhancing Filipino youths’ cultural connectedness may also need to enhance family connectedness and address adverse peer influences.
Bentler, P.M. & Bonett D.G. ( 1980) Significance and goodness-of-fit in the analysis of covariance structures. Psychological Bulletin, 88(3), 588-606.
2.
Bhugra, D. ( 2005) Cultural identities and cultural congruency: A new model for evaluating mental distress in immigrants. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 111, 84-93.
3.
Chesney-Lind, M., Leisen, M.B., Brown, M., Rockhill, A., Marker, N., Liu, R. & Joe, K. ( 1995) Crime, Delinquency and Gangs in Hawai‘iHonolulu, HI: Center for Youth Research, Social Science Research Institute, University of Hawai‘i, Mānoa .
4.
Costello, E.J., Compton, S.N., Keeler, G. & Angold, A. ( 2003) Relationships between poverty and psychopathology: A natural experiment. Journal of the American Medical Association , 290, 2023-2029.
5.
Cunanan, V.L., Guerrero, A.P.S. & Minamoto, L. ( 2006) Filipinos and the myth of the model minority. Journal of Ethnic and Cultural Diversity in Social Work, 15, 167-192.
6.
Dahlberg, L.L., Toal, S.B., Swahn, M. & Behrens, C.B. ( 2005) Measuring Violence-Related Attitudes, Behaviours, and Influences Among Youths: A Compendium of Assessment Tools (2nd edition). Atlanta, GA: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control.
7.
Dinh, K.T., Roosa, M.W., Tein, J.Y. & Lopez, V.A. ( 2002) The relationship between acculturation and problem behaviour proneness in a Hispanic youth sample: A longitudinal mediation model . Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 30, 295-309.
8.
Gonzales, A.R., Schofield, R.B. & Hagy, D.W. ( 2007) Adolescents, Neighborhoods, and Violence: Recent Findings from the Project on Human Development in Chicago Neighborhoods. Washington, DC: US Department of Justice, Office of Justice Programs. http://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/nij/217397.pdf .
9.
Guerrero, A.P.S., Hishinuma, E.S., Andrade, N.N., Nishimura, S.T. & Cunanan, V.L. ( 2006) Correlations among socioeconomic and family factors and academic, behavioural, and emotional difficulties in Filipino adolescents in Hawai‘i. International Journal of Social Psychiatry , 52, 343-359.
10.
Hishinuma, E.S., Andrade, N.N., Johnson, R.C., McArdle, J.J., Miyamoto, R.H., Nahulu, L.B. et al. (2000) Psychometric properties of the Hawaiian Culture Scale - Adolescent Version. Psychological Assessment, 12, 140-157.
11.
Infante Nii, E. & Creamer, B. ( 1999) Silent struggle yields first fruits of labor. The Honolulu Advertiser, 10 October 1999, pp. A1, A8.
12.
Japanese Community Youth Council (2008) Asian Youth Prevention Services. San Francisco, CA: Japanese Community Youth Council. http://www.jcyc.org/programs/ayps.htm .
13.
Javier, J.R., Huffman, L.C. & Mendoza, F.S. ( 2007) Filipino child health in the United States: Do health and health care disparities exist? Preventing Chronic Disease , 4(2), 1-19. http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2007/apr/06_0069.htm.
14.
Mayeda, D.T., Hishinuma, E.S., Nishimura, S.T., Garcia-Santiago, O. & Mark, G.Y. ( 2006) Asian/Pacific Islander Youth Violence Prevention Center: Interpersonal violence and deviant behaviours among youth in Hawai‘i . Journal of Adolescent Health, 39, 276.e1-276.e11.
15.
McNulty, T.L. & Bellair, P.E. ( 2003) Explaining racial and ethnic differences in serious adolescent violent behaviour. Criminology, 41, 709-748.
16.
Miyamoto, R.H., Hishinuma, E.S., Nishimura, S.T., Nahulu, L.B., Andrade, N.N. & Goebert, D.A. ( 2000) Variation in self-esteem among adolescents in an Asian/Pacific-Islander sample. Personality and Individual Differences, 29, 13-25.
17.
Nevitt, J. & Hancock, G.R. ( 2000) Improving the root mean square error of approximation for non-normal conditions in structure equation modelling. Journal of Experimental Education, 68(3), 251-268.
18.
Resnick, M.D., Ireland, M. & Borowsky, I. ( 2004) Youth violence perpetration: What protects? What predicts? Findings from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health . Journal of Adolescent Health, 35, 424.e1-424.e10.
19.
Rieckmann, T.R., Wadsworth, M.E. & Deyhle, D. ( 2004) Cultural identity, explanatory style, and depression in Navajo adolescents. Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology, 10, 365-382.
20.
Rosenberg, M. ( 1965) Society and the Adolescent Self-Image. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press .
21.
Soriano, F.I., Rivera, L.M., Williams, K.J., Daley, S.P. & Reznik, V.M. ( 2004) Navigating between cultures: The role of culture in youth violence. Journal of Adolescent Health, 34, 169-176.
22.
Steiner, H. ( 1997) Practice parameters for the assessment and treatment of children and adolescents with conduct disorder. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 36(Suppl. 10), 122-139.
23.
Thornberry, T.P., Krohn, M.D., Lizotte, A.J., Smith, C.A. & Tobin, K. ( 2003) Gangs and Delinquency in Developmental Perspective . New York: Cambridge University Press.
24.
Umaña-Taylor, A.J. & Shin, N. ( 2007) An examination of ethnic identity and self-esteem with diverse populations: Exploring variation by ethnicity and geography. Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology, 13, 178-186.
25.
US Census Bureau (2002) Hawaii: 2000, Census 2000 Profile. Washington, DC: US Department of Commerce. http://www.census.gov/prod/2002pubs/c2kprof00-hi.pdf .
26.
US Department of Health and Human Services Substance Abuse & Mental Health Services Administration (2007) Asian Youth Alliance. Legacy Program in SAMHSA’s National Registry of Evidence-based Programs and Practices. Washington, DC: SAMHSA. http://nrepp.samhsa.gov/legacy_fulldetails.asp?LEGACY_ID=1045 .
27.
Yuen, N.Y.C., Nahulu, L.B., Hishinuma, E.S. & Miyamoto, R.H. ( 2000) Cultural identification and attempted suicide in Native Hawaiian adolescents. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 39, 360-367.
