The relationship between burnout and telework was analysed to find out how COVID-19 affected the emotional state of social workers who teleworked during the pandemic, and to analyse the risk of burnout in the field of social services. The fieldwork was conducted on a self-selected sample of 395 social workers in Spain in 2021. The results show a lower risk related to negligent treatment and a high resilience of professionals. The findings highlight the role of social work and the need to organise social services to guarantee the quality of this service without overburdening its professionals.
AlaggiaRO’ConnorCFuller-ThomsonE, et al. (2024) Troubled times: Canadian social workers’ early adversities, mental health, and resilience during the COVID-19 pandemic. International Social Work67: 99–118.
2.
Alcázar-CamposA (2014) Miradas feministas y/o de género al trabajo social, un análisis crítico. [Feminist and/or gender perspectives on social work, a critical analysis]. Portularia14(1): 27–34.
BanksSCaiTde JongeE, et al. (2020) Practising ethically during COVID-19: Social work challenges and responses. International Social Work63(5): 569–583.
5.
BarreraEMalagónJLSarasolaJL (2015) Trabajo social, su contexto profesional y el Síndrome de Burnout, [Social work, its professional context and Burnout Syndrome]. Comunitania, Revista Internacional de Trabajo Social y Ciencias Sociales9: 51–71.
6.
BravoJCElizondoMG (2022) Síndrome de Burnout en profesoresas durante la pandemia por COVID-19 en Chile [Burnout syndrome in female teachers during the COVID-19 pandemic in Chile]. Revista Educación Las Américas12(1): 196.
7.
CalzadaI (2020) Los servicios sociales ante la pandemia [Social Services in the Face of the Pandemic]. Madrid: Instituto Nacional de Administración Pública.
8.
CamachoJ (2021) El teletrabajo, la utilidad digital por la pandemia del COVD 19. [Telework, the digital utility for the pandemic of COVID-19]. Revista latinoamerciana de Derecho Social32: 125–155.
9.
CamposJFCuarteroMERieraJA, et al. (2017) Afrontar el desgaste: cuidado y mecanismos paliativos de la fatiga por compasión, [Coping with burnout: Care and palliative mechanisms for compassion fatigue]. Alternativas. Cuadernos de trabajo Social24: 119–136.
10.
CefalielloA (2021) Psychosocial risks and telework. The European legal background. In: Annual conference occupational safety and health lessons learned from the pandemic, Brussels, 13 December, pp. 1–12. Brussels: Occupational Health and Safety.
11.
CGTS (2020a) Los Servicios Sociales como esenciales ante el COVID-19. Orden SND/ 295/2020 [Social Services as Essential Before COVID-19]. Madrid: Consejo General Trabajo Social.
12.
CGTS (2020b) Recomendaciones del Consejo General del Trabajo Social dirigidas a las/os profesionales del Trabajo Social ante la emergencia sanitaria del COVID-19 [Recommendations of the General Council of Social Work addressed to Social Work professionals in the Face of the COVID-19 Health Emergency]. Madrid: Consejo General Trabajo Social.
13.
CGTS (2020c) Propuestas desde el Trabajo Social en las residencias de personas mayores ante el Estado de alarma sanitaria del COVID-19 [Proposals From Social Work in Old People’s Homes in the Face of the COVID-19 State of Health Alarm]. Madrid: Consejo General Trabajo Social.
14.
CGTS (2020d) Recomendaciones del Consejo General del Trabajo Social para los Servicios Sociales ante la situación del COVID-19 y la postcrisis [Recommendations of the General Council of Social Work for Social Services in View of the COVID-19 Situation and the Post-Crisis Period]. Madrid: Consejo General Trabajo Social.
15.
CGTS (2020e) El Trabajo Social en violencia de género ante la situación del COVID-19 [Social Work in Gender-Based Violence in the Situation of COVID-19]. Madrid: Consejo General Trabajo Social.
16.
ChamouxA (2021) Pandemic forced telework, a new psychosocial risk. Reflections on the health issues and the necessary support. Bulletin de L’academie Nationale de Medecine205(8): 985–992.
17.
CohenJ (1998 [1988]) Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences. New York: University of New York.
18.
DávilaFNevadoN (2016) Validación de Burnout screening inventory en personal de formación del área de la salud [Validation of the burnout screening inventory in health area trainees]. Educación Médica17(4): 158–163.
19.
De VincenziCPansiniMFerraraB, et al. (2022) Consequences of COVID-19 on employees in remote working: Challenges, risks and opportunities an evidence-based literature review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health;19(18): 11672.
20.
DelormeDHuhJReidL (2006) Perceived effects of Direct-to-Consumer (DTC) prescription drug advertising on self and others: A Third-person effect study of older consumers. Journal of Advertising35(3): 47–65.
21.
DominelliL (2002) Feminist Social Work Theory and Practice. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
22.
FarréLGonzálezL (2021 [2020]) Las tareas domésticas y el cuidado de los hijos durante el confinamiento, una labor asumida principalmente por las mujeres. Barcelona: Observatorio Social de la Caixa.
23.
FuFJiQChenY, et al. (2022) Resilience, perceived social support and professional quality of life among medical social workers during COVID-19 pandemic in Mainland China: A cross-sectional survey. Social Work in Health Care61(4): 261–279.
24.
GeorgeDMalleryP (2003) SPSS for Windows Step by Step: A simple Guide and Reference (11.0 Update) (4th edn). Boston, MA: Allyn & Bacon.
25.
GómezAVázquezI (2022) Impacto de género y pandemia en la Academia. Universitas. Revista De Filosofía, Derecho Y Política39: 27–56.
26.
González-PortilloARuiz-BallesterosE (2023) El cuidado profesional en los contextos de intervención social: un enfoque desde la organización [Professional care in social intervention contexts: an organizational approach]. Cuadernos de Relaciones Labores41(2): 425–443.
IdoiagaN (2021) De cuando la pandemia intensificó la brecha de género y la invisibilidad del cuidado. In: Steilas (ed.) COVID 19 Reflexiones feministas sobre la pandemia. Vitoria-Gasteiz: Steilas and Idazkaritza feminista, pp. 53–57.
ILO (2020) Telework during and after the ICIDH–19 Pandemic – A Practical Guide. Geneva: International Labour Office.
33.
LamprinouVDITasoulisKKravaritiF (2021) The impact of servant leadership and perceived organisational and supervisor support on job burnout and work–life balance in the era of teleworking and COVID-19. Leadership & Organization Development Journal42(7): 1071–1088.
34.
LázaroS (2004) El desgaste profesional (Síndrome de Burnout) en los trabajadores sociales, [Professional burnout syndrome in social workers]. Portularia4: 499–506.
35.
Lillo-BeneytoARamírez-GarcíaE (2021) La intervención digital en la práctica del trabajo social [Digital intervention in social work practice]. In: CastillaJMéndezP (eds) Hacia la disrupción digital del trabajo social [Towards the Digital Disruption of Social Work]. Madrid: Thomson Reuters, pp. 185–200.
36.
López-PeláezA (2014) The Robotics Divide: A New Frontier in the XXI Century. London: Springer.
37.
López-PeláezAMarcuello-ServósCH (2018) E-social work and digital society: Re-conceptualization approaches, practices and technologies. European Journal of Social Work21: 1–3.
38.
MarrauMC (2009) El síndrome de quemarse por el trabajo (burnout), en el marco contextualizador del estrés laboral [Burnout syndrome in the context of work-related stress]. Fundamentos en Humanidades, Año X1(19): 167–177.
39.
MarruecosA (2021) Burnout en profesionales de enfermería en la pandemia de COVID-19 [Burnout in nursing professionals in the COVID-19 pandemic]. In: MoleroMMMartosABarragánAB, et al (eds) Avances de investigación en salud: buscando respuestas en la evidencia científica [Advances in Health Research: Looking for Answers in Scientific Evidence]. Madrid: Artes Gráficas Salvador, pp. 423–426.
40.
MaslachC (2003) Job burnout: New directions in research and intervention. Current Directions in Psychological Science12(5): 189–192.
McCoydJLMCurranLCandelarioE, et al. (2022) Social service providers under COVID-19 duress: Adaptation, burnout, and resilience. Journal of Social Work23(1): 85–102.
43.
MontenegroSRayaENavaridasF (2021) Percepciones docentes sobre los efectos de la brecha digital en la Educación Básica durante el COVID-19, [Teachers’ perceptions on the effects of the digital divide in Basic Education]. Revista Internacional de Educación para la Justicia Social 29(3e):317–333.
44.
MoralesAMCobosGRamosE (2021) Prevención del burnout desde enfermería [Prevention of burnout from nursing]. SANUM: revista científico-sanitaria5(1): 62–77.
45.
O’LearyPTsuiM-S (2020a) Ten gentle reminders to social workers in the pandemic. International Social Work63(3): 273–274.
46.
O’LearyPTsuiM-S (2020b) Social work’s role during and after the pandemic: Keeping vigilant and hopeful on human rights. International Social Work63(4): 417–418.
47.
PinazoS (2020) Impacto psicosocial de la COVID en las personas mayores: problemas y retos. [Psychosocial impact of COVID on older people: Issues and challenges]. Revista española de geriatría gerontología55(5): 249–255.
48.
PinazoSGalvañADosilC, et al. (2022) El peor año de mi vida. Agotamiento emocional y burnout por la COVID-19 en profesionales de residencias: Estudio RESICOVID [The worst year of my life. Emotional exhaustion and burnout due to COVID-19 in care home professionals: RESICOVID study]. Revista española de geriatría y gerontología57(4): 224–229.
49.
RamosVRamos-GalarzaCTejeraE (2020) Teletrabajo en tiempos de COVID-19, [Telework in times of COVID-19]. Journal of Psychology54(3): 1450.
50.
RappaccioliRMHernándezFZamoraA (2021) Repercusiones en la salud a causa del teletrabajo [Health impacts of telework]. Revista Médica Sinergia Vol6(2): 1–8.
51.
RatzonAFarhiMRatzonN, et al. (2022) Resilience at work, burnout, secondary trauma, and compassion satisfaction of social workers amidst the COVID-19 pandemic. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health19(9): 5500.
52.
RayaE (2018) E- inclusión and e-social work: New technologies at the service of social intervention. European Journal of Social Work21: 916–929.
53.
RayaEMontenegroS (2021) Perspectiva de género y Trabajo Social: actuaciones de grado y postgrado en las universidades del G9, [Gender Perspective and Social Work: Undergraduate and postgraduate actions in the G9 universities]. Investigaciones feministas12(2): 343–357.
54.
RayaEMontenegroSCuestaAB (2022) Global problems, local responses. Lessons from social work in an emergency situation. In: BaikadyRSajidSPrzeperskiJ, et al (eds) He Palgrave Handbook of Global Social Problems. London: Palgrave Macmillan, pp. 1–19.
55.
RealMJNietoR (2021) Nuevas tecnologías, una oportunidad para generar nuevos espacios de intervención en la práctica del Trabajo Social, [New technologies, an opportunity to generate new spaces for intervention in the practice of Social Work ]. In: CastillaJMéndezP (eds) Hacia la disrupción digital del trabajo social [Towards the Digital Disruption of Social Work]. Madrid: Thomson Reuters, pp. 167–184.
56.
Romero-MartínSElboj-SasoCIñiguez-BerrozpeT (2020) Burnout entre los/as profesionales del Trabajo Social en España. Estado de la cuestión. Trabajo Social Global – Global Social Work10(19): 48–78.
57.
RosenCSKaplanANNelsonDB, et al. (2023) Implementation context and burnout among Department of Veterans Affairs psychotherapists prior to and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Journal of Affective Disorders320: 517–524.
58.
RubioJC (2003) Fuentes de Estrés, Síndrome de Burnout y Actitudes Disfuncionales en Orientadores De Institutos de Enseñanza Secundaria [Sources of Stress, Burnout Syndrome and Dysfunctional Attitudes in Secondary School Guidance Counsellors]. PhD Thesis, University of Extremadura, Badajoz.
59.
Ruiz-LarreaLA (2022) COVID – 19 y desigualdad de género en España: consecuencias de la pandemia para las mujeres en empleo y salud mental. [COVID-19 and gender inequality in Spain: Pandemic consequences for women in work sphere and mental health]. Investigaciones feministas13(1): 39–51.
SánchezR (2021) Construyendo identidades profesionales, espacios y tiempos digitalizados [Constructing professional identities, digitalised spaces and times]. In: CastillaJMéndezP (eds) Hacia la disrupción digital del trabajo social [Towards the Digital Disruption of Social Work]. Madrid: Thomson Reuters, pp. 149–166.
62.
SánchezRCortésC (2014) Burnout y satisfacción laboral de los supervisores de Enfermería [Burnout and job satisfaction among nursing supervisors]. Metas de enfermería17(5): 68–75.
63.
SantacruzHChávezGDomínguezJ, et al. (2022) Burnout y estresores en docentes durante la pandemia por COVID-19 [Burnout and Stressors in Teachers during the COVID-19 Pandemic]. Bordon: revista de Pedagogía74(3): 67–82.
64.
SeizM (2020) Inequalities in the division of labour in families with children during COVID-19 confinement in Spain: Towards greater socio-economic and gender polarisation?Igualdades3: 403–435.
65.
SelmaA (2022) Mujeres y COVID. Femeris7(2): 115–141.
66.
SerrãoCRodiguesATeixeiraA, et al. (2022) The impact of teleworking in psychologists during COVID-19: Burnout, depression, anxiety, and stress. Frontiers in Public Health3: 984691.
67.
SotoSCardelusCErcillaG, et al. (2020) Informe de resultados de la encuesta ‘El impacto del confinamiento en la corresponsabilidad: conciliación y teletrabajo’ [Report on the results of the survey ‘The impact of confinement on co-responsibility: reconciliation and teleworking’]. Madrid: CSIC.
68.
TanKLYeapPF (2022) The impact of work engagement and meaningful work to alleviate job burnout among social workers in New Zealand. Management Decision60(11): 3042–3065.
69.
TangRFengOChongJJ, et al. (2022) Evaluating the impact of coronavirus disease on burnout among healthcare workers using maslach burnout inventory tool: A systematic review. Proceedings of Singapore Healthcare31: 20101058221117390.
70.
TascónR (2021) Necesidades de cuidados generadas por la COVID 2019: la triple jornada. Lex Social: Revista de Derechos Sociales11(2): 543–569.
UN Women (2020) The impact of the COVID 19 pandemic on violence against women. UN Women Latin America and the Caribbean. https://bit.ly/3gAuyFU (accessed 31 December 2023).
75.
VenegasCELeyvaAC (2020) La fatiga y la carga mental en los teletrabajadores [Fatigue and mental workload in teleworkers]. Revista Española de Salud Pública1: 17.
76.
VicenteEArredondoRRodríguezC (2020) El Trabajo Social: Intervención ante el COVID-19 [Social Work: Intervention with COVID-19]. Servicios Sociales y Política Social XXXVII: 88–110.
77.
WagonM (2021) Crisis de los cuidados y violencia contra las mujeres. Un análisis de la repercusión de la pandemia del COVID – 19 en la vida de las mujeres. Argumentos. Revista de Crítica Social24: 166–190.
