Polymerization Shrinkage and Stress Development in Amorphous Calcium Phosphate/Urethane Dimethacrylate Polymeric Composites

Abstract

This study explores how substituting a new high molecular mass oligomeric poly(ethylene glycol) extended urethane dimethacrylate (UDMA) (PEG-U) for 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) in photo-activated UDMA resins affects degree of vinyl conversion (DC), polymerization shrinkage (PS), stress development (PSSD) and biaxial flexure strength (BFS) of their amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP) composites. The composites were prepared from four types of resins (UDMA, PEG-U, UDMA/HEMA, and UDMA/PEG-U) and zirconia-hybridized ACP. Introducing PEG-U improved DC, while not adversely affecting PS, PSSD, and the BFS of composites. This improvement in DC is attributed to the long, more flexible structure between the vinyl groups of PEG-U and its higher molecular mass compared to poly(HEMA). The results imply that PEG-U has the potential to serve as an alternative to HEMA in dental and other biomedical applications.

Keywords

amorphous calcium phosphate composite urethane dimethacrylate polymerization shrinkage stress.

Get full access to this article

View all access options for this article.

References

Skrtic, D. , Hailer, A.W. , Takagi, S. , Antonucci, J.M. and Eanes, E.D. ( 1996). Quantitative Assessment of the Efficacy of Amorphous Calcium Phosphate/Methacrylate Composites in Remineralizing Caries-like Lesions Artificially Produced in Bovine Enamel, J. Dent. Res., 75: 1679-1686.

Skrtic, D. , Antonucci, J.M. , Eanes, E.D. , Eichmiller, F.C. and Schumacher, G.E. ( 2000). Physicochemical Evaluation of Bioactive Polymeric Composites Based on Hybrid Amorphous Calcium Phosphates, J. Biomed. Mat. Res. (Appl. Biomater.), 53: 381-391.

Skrtic, D. , Antonucci, J.M. and Eanes, E.D. ( 2003). Amorphous Calcium Phosphate-based Bioactive Polymeric Composites for Mineralized Tissue Regeneration, J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol., 108(3): 167-182.

Antonucci, J.M. and Skrtic, D. ( 2007). Physicochemical Properties of Bioactive Polymeric Composites: Effects of Resin Matrix and the Type of Amorphous Calcium Phosphate Filler, Polymers for Dental and Orthopedic Applications, pp. 217-242, Taylor and Francis group LLC, Boca Raton, FL.

Skrtic, D. and Antonucci, J.M. ( 2007). Dental Composites Based on Amorphous Calcium Phosphate - Resin Composition/Physicochemical Properties Study, J. Biomat. Appl., 21: 375-393.

Eanes, E.D. ( 2001). Amorphous Calcium Phosphate, Octacalcium Phosphate, pp. 130-147, Karger, Basel.

Skrtic, D. , Antonucci, J.M. , Eanes, E.D. and Eidelman, N. ( 2004). Dental Composites Based on Hybrid and Surface-modified Amorphous Calcium Phosphates - A FTIR Microspectroscopic Study, Biomaterials, 25: 1141-1150.

Lee, S.Y. , Regnault, W.F. , Antonucci, J.M. and Skrtic, D. (2007). Effect of Particle Size of an Amorphous Calcium Phosphate Filler on the Mechanical Strength and Ion Release of Polymeric Composites, J. Biomed. Mater. Res., 80B: 11-17.

Skrtic, D. , Stansbury, J.W. and Antonucci, J.M. ( 2003). Volumetric Contraction and Methacrylate Conversion in Photo-polymerized Amorphous Calcium Phosphate/Methacrylate Composites, Biomaterials, 24: 2443-2449.

10.

Regnault, W.F. , Icenogle, T.B. , Antonucci, J.M. and Skrtic, D. (2008). Amorphous Calcium Phosphate/Urethane Methacrylate Resin Composites. I. Physicochemical Characterization, J. Mater. Sci.: Mater. Med., 19(2): 507-515.

11.

Farahani, M. , Wallace, W.E. , Antonucci, J.M. and Guttman, C.M. (2006). Analysis by Mass Spectrometry of the Hydrolysis/Condensation Reaction of a Trialkoxysilane in Various Dental Monomer Solutions, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 99(4): 1842-1847.

12.

Stansbury, J.W. and Dickens, S.H. (2001). Determination of Double Bond Conversion in Dental Resins by Near Infrared Spectroscopy, Dent. Mater., 17: 71-79.

13.

Reed, B. , Dickens, B. , Dickens, S. and Perry, E. ( 1996). Volumetric Contraction Measured by a Computer-controlled Mercury Dilatometer, J. Dent. Res., 75: 290.

14.

Lu, H. , Stansbury, J.W. , Dickens, S.H. , Eichmiller, F.C. and Bowman, C.N. ( 2004). Probing the Origins and Control of Shrinkage Stress in Dental Resin-composites: I. Shrinkage Stress Characterization Technique, J. Mater. Sci.: Mater. Med., 15: 1097-1103.

15.

ASTM F394-78 (re-approved 1996). Standard Test Method for Biaxial Strength (Modulus of Rupture) of Ceramic Substrates.

16.

Ban, S. and Anusavice, K.J. ( 1990). Influence of Test Method on Failure Stress of Brittle Dental Materials, J. Dent. Res., 69(12): 1791-1799.