The Effective Continuum Micromechanics Analysis Code was used to predict effective elastic moduli of vinyl ester composites containing a combination of solid/hollow carbon nanofibers with varying degrees of fiber waviness, voids, and traditional E-glass fibers. The predicted effective elastic moduli for nanofiber-reinforced composites matched well with experimental results from the literature. In addition, single- and multiple-step homogenization procedures were both used to determine effective properties for hybrid composites containing reinforcements of disparate sizes (i.e., nanofibers combined with traditional E-glass fibers). This work aims to facilitate the development of engineered multiscale materials design by providing insight into relationships between nanomaterial physical characteristics, interactions, and structure across disparate spatial scales that lead to improved macroscale performance.
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