Determination of flexural properties of hybrid composite using Cowper-Symonds rate-dependent material model

Abstract

This study addressed to determine the flexural properties of hybrid composite laminates (HCAFRE) under the strain rate sensitivity. The hybrid composite laminate was formed as consecutive stacking of a sequence of plain woven carbon fiber reinforced epoxy (CFRE) and a plain-woven aramid fiber reinforced epoxy (AFRE) laminates. The flexural tests were carried out at four different strain rates (0.01, 0.11, 0.55, 1.1 s⁻¹) to determine the strain rate sensitivity of the HCAFRE. Moreover, the strain rate sensitivity of CFRE and AFRE was also determined individually. The effect of different fiber orientations (0°, 45°, and 90°) on the flexural properties of the composite laminates were also investigated at the scope of this study. In numerical analysis, composite laminates (CFRE, AFRE, and HCAFRE) were constituted in LS-DYNA finite element program using the Cowper-Symonds material model (MAT 112) which includes strain rate dependency. Consequently, it was seen that the experimental and numerical results were indicated a similar tendency to each other. Therefore, it was understood that the Cowper-Symonds material model is suited for the flexural behavior model of composite laminates under different strain rates.

Keywords

Strain rate sensitivity flexural properties fiber orientations Cowper–Symonds material model

Get full access to this article

View all access options for this article.

References

Department of Energy US. A review of composite material – cations in the automotive industry for the electric and hybrid vehicle report, www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/5800903 (1979, accessed July 1979).

Kesarwani

Polymer composites in aviation sector. A brief review article. Int J Eng Res Technol 2017; 6: 518–525.

Swolfs

Meerten

Hine

, et al. Introducing ductility in hybrid carbon fibre/self-reinforced composites through control of the damage mechanisms. Compos Struct 2015; 131: 259–265. DOI: https://dx-doi-org.web.bisu.edu.cn/10.1016/j.compstruct.2015.04.069.

Callens

Gorbatikh

Bertels

, et al. Tensile behaviour of stainless steel fibre/epoxy composites with modified adhesion. Compos Part A 2015; 69: 208–218. DOI: https://dx-doi-org.web.bisu.edu.cn/10.1016/j.compositesa.2014.11.022.

Tabatabaei

Swolfs

, et al. Full-field strain measurements and meso-FE modelling of hybrid carbon/self-reinforced polypropylene. Compos Struct 2015; 132: 864–873. DOI: https://dx-doi-org.web.bisu.edu.cn/10.1016/j.compstruct.2015.07.018.

Najafi

The strain rate effect on bending properties of basalt and carbon fibers reinforced phenolic composites. Int J Adv Des Manuf Technol 2012; 5: 33–37.

Okoli

OI.

The effects of strain rate and failure modes on the failure energy of fibre reinforced composites. Compo Struct 2001; 54: 299–303. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0263-8223(01)00101-5.

Brandt

Fridley

KJ.

Effect of load rate on flexural propertıes of wood-plastıc composites. Wood Fiber Sci 2003; 35: 135–147.

Reis

PNB

Gorbatikh

Ivens

, et al. Strain-rate sensitivity and stress relaxation of hybrid self-reinforced polypropylene composites under bending loads. Compos Struct 2019; 209: 802–810. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2018.11.030.

10.

Rajkumar

Krishna

Narasimhamurthy

, et al. Investigation of tensile and bending behavior of aluminum based hybrid fiber metal laminates. Procedia Mater Sci 2014; 5: 60–68. DOI: 10.1016/j.mspro.2014.07.242.

11.

Yin

Zhou

Zhang

, et al. Flexural progressive damage and failure behavior of carbon-aramid/epoxy hybrid woven composites. J Compos Mater 2020; 55(7): 937–948. DOI: 10.1177/0021998320962187.

12.

Mckown

CantwelL

WJ.

Investigation of strain-rate effects in self-reinforced polypropylene composites. J Compos Mater 2007; 41(20): 2457–2470. DOI: 0.1177/0021998307084173.

13.

Seshaiah

Reddy

KVK.

Effect of fıber orıentatıon on the mechanıcal behavıor of e-glass fıbre reınforced epoxy composıte materials. Int J Mech Prod Eng Res Dev 2018; 8: 379–396.

14.

Demircan

Al-Darkazali

Inanc

, et al. Investigation of the effect of CNTs on the mechanical properties of LPET/glass fiber thermoplastic composites. J Thermoplast Compos Mater 2019; 33(12): 1652–1673. DOI:10.1177/0892705719833105.

15.

Adams

Maheri

MR.

Dynamic flexural properties of anisotropic fibrous composite beams. Compos Sci Technol 1994; 50: 497–514.

16.

Yoo

Banthia

Kang

, et al. Effect of fiber orientation on the rate-dependent flexural behavior of ultra-high-performance fiber-reinforced concrete. Compos Struct 2016; 157: 62–70. DOI:https://dx-doi-org.web.bisu.edu.cn/10.1016/j.compstruct.2016.08.023.

17.

Hernandez

Maranon

Ashcroft

, et al. A computational determination of the Cowper–Symonds parameters from a single taylor test. Appl Math Model 2013; 37(7): 1698–4708. DOI:https://dx-doi-org.web.bisu.edu.cn/10.1016/j.apm.2012.10.010.

18.

Office of naval research. Strain-hardening and strain-rate effects in the impact loading of cantilever beams, https://apps.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/144762.pdf (1957, accessed 10 September 1957).

19.

Škrlec

Klemenc

Estimating the strain-rate-dependent parameters of the Cowper-Symonds and Johnson-Cook material models using taguchi arrays. SV-JME 2016; 62: 220–230.

20.

Hien

Anh

LH.

Behavior of tubular hat structure under three point bending. Int J Transp Eng Techno 2016; 2: 18–24. DOI:10.11648/j.ijtet.s.2016020501.14.

21.

Dundar

Dhaliwal

Ayorinde

Experimental and numerical investigation on flexural behavior of acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene polymer. Polym Eng Sci 2020; 60: 2930–2944.

22.

Tarantili

Andreopoulos

AG.

Mechanical properties of epoxies reinforced with chloride-treated aramid fibers. J Appl Polym Sci 1997; 65: 267–275.

23.

Hunstman US.Araldite LY 1564/aradur 3486/aradur 3487, www.sw. iss -compo site.ch/pdf/t-Arald ite-LY156 4-Aradu r3486 -3487-e.pdf—2012; (2012, accessed 15 January 2012).

24.

Wallenberger

Watson

Glass fibers. In: Miracle DB (eds) Composites. USA: ASM Handbook, 2001, pp.27–34.

25.

Hsiao

Dirk

Vacuum assisted resin transfer molding (VARTM) in polymer matrix composites. In: Advani SG and Hsiao KT (eds) Manufacturing Techniques for Polymer Matrix Composites (PMCs). UK: Woodhead Publishing, 2012, pp 310–347. DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-85709-067-6.50010-9.

26.

Dastoorıan

Tajvıdı

Influence of strain rate on the flexural properties of a wood flour/HDPE composite. J Reinf Plast Compos 2008; 27: 1701–1708. DOI: 10.1177/0731684407086327.

27.

Bauchau

Craig

JI.

Euler-Bernoulli beam theory. In: Bauchau

Craig

(eds) Solid mechanics and its applications. Atalanta: Structural Analysis, 2009, pp.173–221.

28.

Dong

Davies

IJ.

Optimal design for the flexural behaviour of glass and carbon fibre reinforced polymer hybrid composites. Mater Des 2012; 37: 450–457. DOI:10.1016/j.matdes.2012.01.021.

29.

Jing

Zhao

The dynamic compressive behavior and constitutive modeling of D1 railway wheel steel over a wide range of strain rates and temperatures. Results Phys 2017; 7: 1452–1461. DOI:https://dx-doi-org.web.bisu.edu.cn/10.1016/j.rinp.2017.04.015.

30.

Livermore software technology corporation, US. Ls-dyna® keyword user's manual, http://lstc.com/pdf/ls-dyna_971_manual_k.pdf (2012, accessed 12 August 2012).

31.

Pramanik

Zhang

Arsecularatne

JAAF.

Investigation into the behavior of metal matrix composites: tool–particle interaction during orthogonal cutting. Int J Mach Tools Manuf 2007; 47: 1497–1506. DOI:10.1016/j.ijmachtools.2006.12.004.

32.

Haufe

Effinger

Reithofer

, et al. Validation and material modelling of plastics. In: 8. LS-DYNA European users conference, Strasbourg, France, 23–24 May 2011.

33.

Wagner

Logan

Wang

, et al. FEA predictions and test results from magnesium beams in bending and axial compression. SAE Technical Papers 2010.

34.

Gyliene

Ostasevicius

Cowper-Symonds material deformation law application in material cutting process using LS-DYNA FE code: turning and milling, In: 8. LS-DYNA European users conference, Strasbourg, France, 23–24 May 2011.

35.

Noh

Lee

Kang

, et al. Inverse parameter estimation of the cowper-symonds material model for electromagnetic free bulge forming. Int J Precis Eng Manuf 2016; 17(11): 1483–1492. DOI 10.1007/s12541-016-0174-x.

36.

Cordin

Bechtold

Pham

Effect of fibre orientation on the mechanical properties of polypropylene–lyocell composites. Cellulose 2018; 25: 7197–7210. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-018-2079-6(0123456789.

37.

Newbold

Carlson

Thorne

BM.

Statistics for business and economics. New Jersey: Prentice Hall, 1994.

38.

Azzam

An experimental investigation on the three-point bending behavior of composite laminate. In: Global conference on polymer and composite materials, Ningbo, China, 27–29 May 2014.

39.

Ataabadi

Toudeshky

, and and Rad

SZ.

Experimental and analytical study on fiber-kinking failure mode of laminated composites. Compos Part B 2014; 61: 84–93. DOI:https://dx-doi-org.web.bisu.edu.cn/10.1016/j.compositesb. 2014.01.039.

40.

Zang

Gao

Lei

A contact algorithm for 3D discrete and finite element contact problems based on penalty function method. Comput Mech 2011; 48: 541–550.

Supplementary Material

Please find the following supplemental material available below.

For Open Access articles published under a Creative Commons License, all supplemental material carries the same license as the article it is associated with.

For non-Open Access articles published, all supplemental material carries a non-exclusive license, and permission requests for re-use of supplemental material or any part of supplemental material shall be sent directly to the copyright owner as specified in the copyright notice associated with the article.

0.00 MB

0.98 MB

0.91 MB