Characterization and comparison of properties of cryogenic conditioned CNT reinforced thermoset (epoxy) and thermoplastic (poly vinyl alcohol) composite yarns
Restricted accessResearch articleFirst published online December, 2021
Characterization and comparison of properties of cryogenic conditioned CNT reinforced thermoset (epoxy) and thermoplastic (poly vinyl alcohol) composite yarns
Carbon nanotube (CNT) fiber/yarn reinforced composites are considered as a new generation of advanced materials for applications in aerospace and space industry. In this study, two types of CNT composite yarns were produced by twisting CNT films and infiltrating with thermoset epoxy (EP) and thermoplastic poly vinyl alcohol (PVA) resins. The tensile strength of CNT/PVA and CNT/EP composite yarn was 409.91 MPa and 206.87 MPa, much higher than that of pure CNT yarn (129.94 MPa). After mono-cryogenic condition, the mechanical and electrical properties of CNT/EP and CNT/PVA composite yarns were both enhanced due to the structure reorder of the CNT bundles and improvement of interfacial bonding. However, after 60 times cyclic-cryogenic conditions, CNT/EP composite yarn showed a ∼10% degradation of tensile strength; while CNT/PVA composite yarn exhibited 6% increment. This study provides fundamental data of the CNT reinforced thermoset and thermoplastic composite yarns for their practical applications in cryogenic environment.
KuritaHFeuilletEGuillemetT, et al. Simple fabrication and characterization of discontinuous carbon fiber reinforced aluminum matrix composite for lightweight heat sink applications. Acta Metall Sin (Engl Lett)2014; 27: 714–722.
4.
GrimsleyBWCanoRJJohnstonNJ, et al. Hybrid composites for LH2 fuel tank structure. Int Sampe Tech Conf2001; 33: 1224–1235.
5.
BubaczMBeyleAHuiD, et al. Helium permeability of coated aramid papers. Compos Part B-Eng2008; 39: 50–56.
6.
KumagaiSShindoY.Experimental and analytical evaluation of the notched tensile fracture of CFRP-woven laminates at low temperatures. J Compos Mater2004; 38: 1151–1164.
7.
GroganDMLeenSBSemprimoschnigCOA, et al. Damage characterisation of cryogenically cycled carbon fibre/PEEK laminates. Compos Part A-Appl S2014; 66: 237–250.
8.
MelcherRJJohnsonWS.Mode I fracture toughness of an adhesively bonded composite-composite joint in a cryogenic environment. Compos Sci Technol2007; 67: 501–506.
9.
ZhangYNXuFJZhangCY, et al. Tensile and interfacial properties of polyacrylonitrile-based carbon fiber after different cryogenic treated condition. Compos Part B-Eng2016; 99: 358–365.
10.
QuCBWuTHuangGW, et al. Improving cryogenic mechanical properties of carbon fiber reinforced composites based on epoxy resin toughened by hydroxyl-terminated polyurethane. Compos Part B-Eng2021; 210. DOI: 10.1016/j.compositesb.2020.108569.
11.
IijimaS.Helical microtubules of graphitic carbon. Nature1991; 354: 56–58.
12.
RuoffRSLorentsDC.Mechanical and thermal-properties of carbon nanotubes. Carbon1995; 33: 925–930.
13.
TansSJVerschuerenARMDekkerC.Room-temperature transistor based on a single carbon nanotube. Nature1998; 393: 49–52.
14.
KangGLeeJChoiJ, et al. Development of the nano aligner for CNT-tip fabrication. In: Nsti Nanotech 2004, Vol 3, technical proceedings, 2004, pp.176–179. Boston: NANO SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY INST.
15.
WangQHSetlurAALauerhaasJM, et al. A nanotube-based field-emission flat panel display. Appl Phys Lett1998; 72: 2912–2913.
16.
FriedmanRSMcAlpineMCRickettsDS, et al. High-speed integrated nanowire circuits. Nature2005; 434: 1085–1085.
17.
LiuYNLiMGuYZ, et al. The interfacial strength and fracture characteristics of ethanol and polymer modified carbon nanotube fibers in their epoxy composites. Carbon2013; 52: 550–558.
18.
MinJCaiJYWangLJ.Investigation on thermal and cryogenic behavior of carbon nanotube spun yarns using a dynamic mechanical analyzer. J Mater Sci2016; 51: 8434–8441.
19.
LuQArroyoMHuangR.Elastic bending modulus of monolayer graphene. J Phys D Appl Phys2009; 42. DOI: 10.1088/0022-3727/42/10/102002.
20.
LiuKSunYHLinXY, et al. Scratch-resistant, highly conductive, and high-strength carbon nanotube-based composite yarns. Acs Nano2010; 4: 5827–5834.
21.
FengQPDengYHXiaoHM, et al. Enhanced cryogenic interfacial normal bond property between carbon fibers and epoxy matrix by carbon nanotubes. Compos Sci Technol2014; 104: 59–65.
22.
JungYKimTParkCR.Effect of polymer infiltration on structure and properties of carbon nanotube yarns. Carbon2015; 88: 60–69.
23.
LinWShiQQChenH, et al. Mechanical properties of carbon nanotube fibers reinforced epoxy resin composite films prepared by wet winding. Carbon2019; 153: 308–314.
24.
LiuJLGongWBYaoYG, et al. Strengthening carbon nanotube fibers with semi-crystallized polyvinyl alcohol and hot-stretching. Compos Sci Technol2018; 164: 290–295.
25.
ChazotCACHartAJ.Understanding and control of interactions between carbon nanotubes and polymers for manufacturing of high-performance composite materials. Compos Sci Technol2018; 183
26.
VigoloBPenicaudACoulonC, et al. Macroscopic fibers and ribbons of oriented carbon nanotubes. Science2000; 290: 1331–1334.
27.
DaltonABCollinsSMunozE, et al. Super-tough carbon-nanotube fibres – these extraordinary composite fibres can be woven into electronic textiles. Nature2003; 423: 703–703.
28.
MiaudetPBadaireSMaugeyM, et al. Hot-drawing of single and multiwall carbon nanotube fibers for high toughness and alignment. Nano Lett2005; 5: 2212–2215.
29.
MaWJLiuLQZhangZ, et al. High-strength composite fibers: realizing true potential of carbon nanotubes in polymer matrix through continuous reticulate architecture and molecular level couplings. Nano Lett2009; 9: 2855–2861.
30.
BoncelSSundaramRMWindleAH, et al. Enhancement of the mechanical properties of directly spun CNT fibers by chemical treatment. ACS Nano2011; 5: 9339–9344.
31.
ZuMLiQWZhuYT, et al. The effective interfacial shear strength of carbon nanotube fibers in an epoxy matrix characterized by a microdroplet test. Carbon2012; 50: 1271–1279.
32.
RyuSLeeYHwangJW, et al. High-strength carbon nanotube fibers fabricated by infiltration and curing of Mussel-Inspired catecholamine polymer. Adv Mater2011; 23: 1971–1975.
33.
TranTQFanZMikhalchanA, et al. Post-treatments for multifunctional property enhancement of carbon nanotube fibers from the floating catalyst method. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces2016; 8: 7948–7956.
34.
HagstrandPOOksmanK.Mechanical properties and morphology of flax fiber reinforced melamine-formaldehyde composites. Polym Compos2001; 22: 568–578.
35.
KalantarJDrzalLT.The bonding mechanism of aramid fibers to epoxy matrices.1. A review of the literature. J Mater Sci1990; 25: 4186–4193.
36.
DhariaAKHayesBSSeferisJC.Evaluation of microcracking in aerospace composites exposed to thermal cycling: effect of composite lay-up, laminate thickness and thermal ramp rate. Int Sampe Tech Conf2001; 33: 120–128.
37.
NiedermeyerM. X-33 LH2 tank failure investigation findings. In: Proceedings of the 4th aerospace materials, processes and environmental technology conference, Huntsville, AL, 18–20 September 2000.
