The main goal of this study is to characterize natural lignocellulosic fibers extracted from Malva Sylvestris. The experimental approach used is consisted to analyze the morphological, physical, chemical, thermal and mechanical characteristics of Malva sylvistris fibers. The stem anatomy showed that the bark of Malva is rich in fiber cells. Based on ATR-FTIR and X-ray analysis, the obtained results illustrated that the fiber contained mainly cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin. The crystallinity index of fiber is about 55.12 %, which indicated a high cellulose content. The Thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA) analysis test point out that Malva Sylvestris fibers are thermally stable until 225°C and an apparent activation energy about of 111 kJ.mol−1 was recorded. Tensile strength of Malva fibers is about of 236.64 ± 93.33 MPa whilst its young’s modulus is about of 26.07 ± 5.14 GPa. In view of the dispersion in the obtained experimental results, the latter were analyzed using the Weibull statistical laws with two parameters.
MansourREl AbidineRZBrahimB. Performance of polymer concrete incorporating waste marble and alfa fibers. Adv Con Construc2017; 5: 331–343.
2.
SudhakarUSureshBBahubalendruniMR. A review on physical and chemical properties of natural fiber reinforced composite materials. Int J Sci Dev Res2018; 3: 160–172.
3.
SanjayMMadhuPJawaidM, et al.Characterization and properties of natural fiber polymer composites: a comprehensive review. J Clean Prod2018; 172: 566–581.
4.
Ponnu KrishnanPRajaduraiSJ. Microscopical, physico-chemical, mineralogical, and mechanical characterization of Sansevieria zeylanica fibers as potential reinforcement of composite structures. J Compos Mater2017; 51: 811–829.
5.
NoureddineM. Study of composite-based natural fibers and renewable polymers, using bacteria to ameliorate the fiber/matrix interface. J Compos Mater2019; 53: 455–461.
6.
HudaMDrzalLRayD, et al.Natural-fiber composites in the automotive sector. In: Properties and performance of natural-fibre composites, 2008, pp. 221–268.
7.
AhmedJBalajiMSaravanakumarS, et al.A comprehensive physical, chemical and morphological characterization of novel cellulosic fiber extracted from the stem of Elettaria cardamomum plant. J Nat Fibers2021; 18: 1460–1471.
8.
HossainMKDewanMWHosurM, et al.Effect of surface treatment and nanoclay on thermal and mechanical performances of jute fabric/biopol ‘green’composites. J Reinfor Plast Comp2011; 30: 1841–1856.
9.
KoppiahrajKBathrinathSNarayanasamyP, et al.A review on the factors influencing natural fiber composite materials. Hybrid Nat Fiber Compo2021; 13: 185–205.
10.
Sikame TagneNAbessoloDHarzallahO, et al.Physico-chemical and mechanical characterization of bambusa vulgaris fibers from Cameroon. J Compos Mater2021; 55: 2489–2502.
11.
KadumudiFBTrifolJJahanshahiM, et al.Flexible and green electronics manufactured by origami folding of nanosilicate-reinforced cellulose paper. ACS Appl Mater Inter2020; 12: 48027–48039.
12.
MehraliMBagherifardSAkbariM, et al.Blending electronics with the human body: a pathway toward a cybernetic future. Adv Sci2018; 5: 1700931.
13.
GallosAPaësGAllaisF, et al.Lignocellulosic fibers: a critical review of the extrusion process for enhancement of the properties of natural fiber composites. RSC Adv2017; 7: 34638–34654.
14.
MansourRAbdelazizAFatima ZohraA. Characterization of long lignocellulosic fibers extracted from Hyphaene thebaica L. leaves. Res J Textile Apparel2018; 22: 195–211.
15.
BezaziABelaadiABourchakM, et al.Novel extraction techniques, chemical and mechanical characterisation of Agave americana L. natural fibres. Compo Part B: Eng2014; 66: 194–203.
16.
LemitaNDeghboudjSRokbiM, et al.Characterization and analysis of novel natural cellulosic fiber extracted from Strelitzia reginae plant. J Compos Mater2022; 56: 99–114.
17.
AliAkbariRGhasemiMHNeekzadN, et al.High value add bio-based low-carbon materials: conversion processes and circular economy. J Clean Prod2021; 293: 126101.
18.
MarquesGRencoretJGutiérrezA, et al.Evaluation of the chemical composition of different non-woody plant fibers used for pulp and paper manufacturing. The Open Agric J2010; 4: 93–101.
19.
BelouadahZAtiARokbiM. Characterization of new natural cellulosic fiber from Lygeum spartum L. Carbohydr Poly2015; 134: 429–437.
20.
AhmedMJBalajiMSaravanakumarS, et al.A comprehensive physical, chemical and morphological characterization of novel cellulosic fiber extracted from the stem of Elettaria cardamomum plant. J Nat Fibers2019; 18: 1–12.
21.
KılınÇAÇKöktaşSAtagürM, et al.Effect of extraction methods on the properties of althea officinalis L. fibers. J Nat Fibers2018; 15: 325–336.
22.
SaravanakumarSKumaravelANagarajanT, et al.Characterization of a novel natural cellulosic fiber from Prosopis juliflora bark. Carbohydr Polymers2013; 92: 1928–1933.
23.
MoussaouiNRokbiMOsmaniH, et al.Extraction and characterization of fiber treatment Inula viscosa fibers as potential polymer composite reinforcement. J Polym Environ2021; 29: 3779–3793.
24.
LaifaFRokbiMAmrouneS, et al.Investigation of mechanical, physicochemical, and thermal properties of new fiber from Silybum marianum bark fiber. J Compos Mater2022; 56: 00219983221090020–00219983221092238.
25.
NarayanasamyPBalasundarPSenthilS, et al.Characterization of a novel natural cellulosic fiber from Calotropis gigantea fruit bunch for ecofriendly polymer composites. Int Journal Biological Macromole2020; 150: 793–801.
26.
Gurukarthik BabuBPrince WinstonDSenthamaraiKannanP, et al.Study on characterization and physicochemical properties of new natural fiber from Phaseolus vulgaris. J Nat Fibers2019; 16: 1035–1042.
27.
IndranSRajRESreenivasanV. Characterization of new natural cellulosic fiber from Cissus quadrangularis root. Carbohydr Polymers2014; 110: 423–429.
28.
GanapathyTSathiskumarRSenthamaraikannanP, et al.Characterization of raw and alkali treated new natural cellulosic fibres extracted from the aerial roots of banyan tree. Int J Biolo Macromole2019; 138: 573–581.
29.
MoshiAAMRavindranDBharathiSS, et al.Characterization of a new cellulosic natural fiber extracted from the root of Ficus religiosa tree. Int J Biological Macromole2020; 142: 212–221.
HepworthDHobsonRBruceD, et al.The use of unretted hemp fibre in composite manufacture. Compo Part A: Appl Sci Manufac2000; 31: 1279–1283.
32.
MousaviSMHashemiSABehbudiG, et al. A review on health benefits of Malva sylvestris L. nutritional compounds for metabolites, antioxidants, and anti-inflammatory, anticancer, and antimicrobial applications. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2021.
33.
PeršinZMaverUPivecT, et al.Novel cellulose based materials for safe and efficient wound treatment. Carbohydr Polymers2014; 100: 55–64.
34.
SilvaCJdLimaLHFdPaivaPMd, et al.An inexpensive and environmentally friendly staining method for semi-permanent slides from plant material probed using anatomical and computational chemistry analyses. Rodriguésia2020; 71: 1–20.
35.
PaixãoWAMartinsLSZaniniNC, et al.Modification and characterization of cellulose fibers from palm coated by ZrO2· nH2O particles for sorption of dichromate ions. J Inorg Organomet Polym Mater2020; 30: 2591–2597.
36.
MaacheMBezaziAAmrouneS, et al.Characterization of a novel natural cellulosic fiber from Juncus effusus L. Carbohydr Polymers2017; 171: 163–172.
37.
ZaniniNCarneiroEMenezesL, et al.Palm fibers residues from agro-industries as reinforcement in biopolymer filaments for 3D-printed scaffolds. Fibers Polym2021; 22: 2689–2699.
38.
ZhangLZhuRChenJ, et al.Seawater-retting treatment of hemp and characterization of bacterial strains involved in the retting process. Process Biochem2008; 43: 1195–1201.
39.
BanikSBasakMPaulD, et al.Ribbon retting of jute—a prospective and eco-friendly method for improvement of fibre quality. Ind Crops Prod2003; 17: 183–190.
40.
SegalLCreelyJJMartinAJr., et al.An empirical method for estimating the degree of crystallinity of native cellulose using the X-ray diffractometer. Textile Res J1959; 29: 786–794.
41.
ASTM D2320-9. Standard test method for density (relative density) of solid pitch (Pycnometer Method), 2017.
42.
AmelBAParidahMTSudinR, et al.Effect of fiber extraction methods on some properties of kenaf bast fiber. Ind Crops Prod2013; 46: 117–123.
43.
BrahimSBCheikhRB. Influence of fibre orientation and volume fraction on the tensile properties of unidirectional Alfa-polyester composite. Composites Sci Technology2007; 67: 140–147.
44.
MsahliSYdreanJSakliF. Evaluating the fineness of agave americana L. fibers. Textile Res J2005; 75: 540–543.
45.
ASTM D3822-01. Standrd Test Method for Tensile Properties of Single Textile Fibers1: ASTM International, 2007.
46.
IbrahimISaripSBaniN, et al.The Weibull probabilities analysis on the single kenaf fiber. In: AIP Conference Proceedings, 2018, 1958:020009. AIP Publishing LLC.
47.
DuvalABourmaudAAugierL, et al.Influence of the sampling area of the stem on the mechanical properties of hemp fibers. Mater Letters2011; 65: 797–800.
48.
NaikDLFronkTH. Weibull distribution analysis of the tensile strength of the kenaf bast fiber. Fibers Polym2016; 17: 1696–1701.
49.
CheungH-YLauK-THoM-P, et al.Study on the mechanical properties of different silkworm silk fibers. J Compos Mater2009; 43: 2521–2531.
50.
SiaCVNakaiYShiozawaD, et al.Statistical analysis of the tensile strength of treated oil palm fiber by utilisation of Weibull distribution model. Open J Compos Mater2014; 2014: 72–77.
KabeyaKPRobbertsePJMaraisD, et al.Plant anatomy as a tool for evaluating the effect of different levels of nitrogen, plant population density, row spacing and irrigation on kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus) fibre development. South Afr J Plant Soil2017; 34: 351–360.
53.
BaskaranPKathiresanMSenthamaraikannanP, et al.Characterization of new natural cellulosic fiber from the bark of dichrostachys cinerea. J Nat Fibers2018; 15: 62–68.
54.
FioreVScaliciTValenzaA. Characterization of a new natural fiber from Arundo donax L. as potential reinforcement of polymer composites. Carbohydr Polymers2014; 106: 77–83.
55.
ManimaranPSaravanakumarSMithunN, et al.Physicochemical properties of new cellulosic fibers from the bark of Acacia arabica. Int J Polym Anal Characterization2016; 21: 548–553.
56.
IndranSRajRE. Characterization of new natural cellulosic fiber from Cissus quadrangularis stem. Carbohydr Polymers2015; 117: 392–399.
57.
MayandiKRajiniNPitchipooP, et al.Extraction and characterization of new natural lignocellulosic fiber Cyperus pangorei. Int J Polym Anal Characterization2016; 21: 175–183.
58.
DalmisRKöktaşSSekiY, et al.Characterization of a new natural cellulose based fiber from Hierochloe Odarata. Cellulose2020; 27: 127–139.
59.
ChikoucheMDLMerroucheAAziziA, et al.Influence of alkali treatment on the mechanical properties of new cane fibre/polyester composites. J Reinforced Plastics Composites2015; 34: 1329–1339.
60.
SenthamaraikannanPKathiresanM. Characterization of raw and alkali treated new natural cellulosic fiber from Coccinia grandis. L. Carbohydr Polymers2018; 186: 332–343.
61.
KhanAVijayRSingaraveluDL, et al.Extraction and characterization of natural fiber from Eleusine indica grass as reinforcement of sustainable fiber reinforced polymer composites. J Nat Fibers2021; 18: 1742–1750.
62.
JayaramuduJGuduriBRajuluAV. Characterization of new natural cellulosic fabric Grewia tilifolia. Carbohydr Polymers2010; 79: 847–851.
63.
SarikanatMSekiYSeverK, et al.Determination of properties of Althaea officinalis L. (Marshmallow) fibres as a potential plant fibre in polymeric composite materials. Composites Part B: Eng2014; 57: 180–186.
64.
JabbarAMilitkýJWienerJ, et al. Tensile, surface and thermal characterization of jute fibres after novel treatments.Indian J Fibre Text Res2016; 41: 249–254.
65.
SivaRValarmathiTPalanikumarK, et al.Study on a Novel natural cellulosic fiber from Kigelia africana fruit: characterization and analysis. Carbohydr Polymers2020; 244: 116–494.
66.
ReddyKOMaheswariCUDhlaminiM, et al.Extraction and characterization of cellulose single fibers from native african napier grass. Carbohydr Polymers2018; 188: 85–91.
67.
ReddyKOAshokBNarender ReddyKR, et al.Extraction and characterization of novel lignocellulosic fibers from Thespesia lampas plant. Int J Polym Anal Characterization2014; 19: 48–61.
68.
YaoFWuQLeiY, et al.Thermal decomposition kinetics of natural fibers: activation energy with dynamic thermogravimetric analysis. Polym Degrad Stab2008; 93: 90–98.
69.
FarukOBledzkiAKFinkHP, et al.Progress report on natural fiber reinforced composites. Macromolecular Mater Eng2014; 299: 9–26.
70.
PillinIKervoelenABourmaudA, et al.Could oleaginous flax fibers be used as reinforcement for polymers?Ind Crops Prod2011; 34: 1556–1563.
71.
SanthanamKKumaravelASaravanakumarS, et al.Characterization of new natural cellulosic fiber from the Ipomoea staphylina plant. Int J Polym Anal Characterization2016; 21: 267–274.
