To address the challenges of high cost, complex wiring, and electromagnetic interference in the online monitoring of composite pressure vessels, this paper proposes a wireless pressure monitoring method based on passive ultra-high frequency (UHF) RFID technology. A 2D axisymmetric finite element model of an aluminum-lined, glass-fiber-wrapped dual-layer cylinder was established using COMSOL Multiphysics to analyze the mechanical response under internal pressures ranging from 0 to 20 MPa. By constructing a force-electrical coupling model, the modulation mechanism was revealed, showing a “redshift” in the antenna’s resonant frequency and a linear attenuation of the Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) induced by strain. Considering the curved features of the vessel, HFSS simulations were utilized to analyze the effects of different curvatures on tag performance, confirming a systematic evolution law where tag gain and read range decrease as the cylinder radius increases. Graded tensile experiments verified that the measured signal evolution trends are highly consistent with simulation predictions, with RSSI and surface strain exhibiting a significant linear negative correlation across the full range. This study successfully validates the “Pressure-Strain-Signal Strength” sensing logic, providing a wireless, passive, and low-cost solution for the full lifecycle health management of composite pressure vessels.
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