An investigation was performed to study the bearing failure and response of a mechanically fastened laminated composite joint. The experimental work of the study was presented in Part I, and this paper summarizes the analytical work.
An accumulative damage model based on the damage mechanisms observed from the experimental study was developed to simulate the bearing failure in the laminated composite joints. The model consists of two parts: damage prediction and constitutive modeling. Damage accumulation criteria by modifying Hashin criteria were proposed to predict the mode and extent of bearing damage as a function of the stress state, and the relationships between material properties and bearing damage were established based on failure mechanisms.
A nonlinear finite element analysis based on the model was developed. Data obtained from this study and existing literature were used to validate the model. Overall, the predictions agreed with the data very well.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
1. Wang, H. S., C. L. Hung and F. K. Chang. "Bearing Failure of Bolted Composite Joints Part I: Experiments,"J. of Composite Materials, 30(12):1284-1313.
2.
2. Agarwal, B. L. 1979. "Static Strength Prediction of Bolted Joint in Composite Material,"AIAA/ASME/ASCE/AHS. 20th Structure, Structural Dynamics and Materials Conference, St. Louis, MO, April 1979, pp. 303-309.
3.
3. Garbo, S. P. and R. L. Gallo. 1981. "Strength of Laminates with Loaded Holes," presented at the 5th DOD/NASA Conference on Fibrous Composites in Structural Design, New Orleans, LA, January 1981.
4.
4. Chang, F.-K., R. A. Scott and G. S. Springer. 1984. "Failure of Composite Laminates Containing Pin Loaded Holes-Method of Solution,"Journal of Composite Materials, 18:255-278.
5.
5. Chang, F.-K., R. A. Scott and G. S. Springer. 1984. "Failure Strength of Nonlinear Elastic Composite Laminates Containing a Pin Loaded Hole,"Journal of Composite Materials, 18:464-477.
6.
6. Waszczak, J. P. and T. A. Cruse. 1971. "Failure Mode and Strength Predictions of Anisotropic Bolt-Bearing Specimens,"Journal of Composite Materials, 5:421-425.
7.
7. Soni, S. R.1981. "Stress and Strength Analysis of Bolted Joints in Composite Laminates,"Composite Structures, I. H. Marshall, ed., New Jersey: Applied Science Publishers, pp. 50-62.
8.
8. Tsujimoto, Y. and D. Wilson. 1986. "Elasto-Plastic Failure Analysis of Composite Bolted Joints,"Journal of Composite Materials, 20:236-252.
9.
9. Eriksson, L. I.1990. "On the Bearing Strength of Bolted Graphite/Epoxy Laminates,"Journal of Composite Materials, 24:1246-1269.
10.
10. Chiang, Y. J. and R. E. Rowlands. 1990. "Finite Element Analysis of Mixed-Mode Fracture of Bolted Composite Joints,"Journal of Composites Technology & Research, 13(4):227-235.
11.
11. Tsai, M. Y. and J. Morton. 1990. "Stress and Failure Analysis of a Pin-Loaded Composite Plate: An Experimental Study,"Journal of Composites Materials, 24:1101-1120.
12.
12. Serabian, S. M. and D. W. Oplinger. 1987. "An Experimental and Finite Element Investigation Into the Mechanical Response of 0/90 Pin-Loaded Laminates,"Journal of Composite Materials, 21:631-649.
13.
13. Chang, F.-K. and K.-Y. Chang. 1987. "Post-Failure Analysis of Bolted Composite Joints in Tension of Shear-Out Mode Failure,"Journal of Composite Materials, 21:809-827.
14.
14. Collings, T. A.1982. "On the Bearing Strengths of CFRP Laminates,"Composites, 13:241-252.
15.
15. Collings, T. A. and M. B. Beauchamp. 1984. "Bearing Deflection of a Loaded Hole in CFRP,"Composites, 14:33-38.
16.
16. Crews, J. H., Jr. and R. A. Naik. 1986. "Failure Analysis of a Graphite/Epoxy Laminate Subjected to Bolt-Bearing Loads,"Composite Materials: Fatigue and Fracture, ASTM STP 907, H. T. Hahn, ed., Philadelphia, PA: American Society for Testing and Materials, pp. 131-144.
17.
17. Smith, P. A., M. F. Ashby and K. J. Pascoe. 1987. "Modelling Clamp-Up Effects in Composite Bolted Joints,"Journal of Composite Materials, 21:878-897.
18.
18. Jurf, R. A. and J. R. Vinson. 1990. "Failure Analysis of Bolted Joints in Composite Laminates,"Composite Materials: Testing and Design (Ninth Volume), ASTM STP 1059, S. P. Garbo, ed., Philadelphia, PA: American Society for Testing and Materials, pp. 165-190.
19.
19. Shahid, I. and F. K. Chang. 1995. "An Accumulative Damage Model for Tension and Shear Failures of Laminated Composite Plates,"J. of Composite Materials, 9(8):926-981.
20.
20. Shahid, I. and F. K. Chang. 1995. "Predicting Scaling Effect on the Notched Strength of Prepreg and Fiber Tow-Placed Laminated Composites,"J. of Composite Materials, 29(8): 1063-1095.
21.
21. Hashin, Z.1980. "Failure Criteria for Unidirectional Fiber Composites,"Journal of Applied Mechanics, 47:329-334.
22.
22. Yang, W. and Y.-G. Wei. 1992. "Progressive Damage along Kink Bands in Fiber-Reinforced Composite Blocks under Compression,"International Journal of Damage Mechanics, 1:80-101.
23.
23. Hart-Smith, L. J. 1991. "Generation of Higher Composite Material Allowables Using Improved Test Coupons,"36th International SAMPE Symposium and Exhibition, San Diego, California, April 15-18. 1991.
24.
24. Wisnom, M. R.1991. "Effect of Shear Stresses in Indirect Compression Tests of Unidirectional Carbon Fiber/Epoxy,"AIAA Journal, 29(10):1692-1697.
25.
25. Adams, D. F. and E. Q. Lewis. 1991. "Influence of Specimen Gage Length and Loading Method on the Axial Compressive Strength of a Unidirectional Composite Material,"Experimental Mechanics, 31(1):14-20.
26.
26. Jelf, P. M. and N. A. Fleck. 1992. "Compression Failure Mechanisms in Unidirectional Composites,"Journal of Composite Materials, 26(18):2706-2726.
27.
27. Tan, S. C.1992. "Stress Analysis and the Testing of Celanese and IITRI Compression Specimens,"Composite Science and Technology, 44(1):57-70.
28.
28. Shuart, M. J.1992. "Failure of Compression-Loaded Multidirectional Composite Laminates,"AIAA Journal, 27(9):1274-1279.
29.
29. Chaboche, J. L.1988. "Continuum Damage Mechanics: Part I—General Concepts and Part II—Damage Growth, Crack Initiation and Crack Growth,"Journal of Applied Mechanics, 55:59-72.
30.
30. Hahn, H. T.1973. "Nonlinear Behavior of Laminated Composites,"Journal of Composite Materials, 7:257-271.
31.
31. Serabian, S. M.1991. "The Effects of Nonlinear Intralaminar Shear Behavior on the Modeling Accuracy of [(0/90)3,0]s and [(±45/−45]3s Pin-Loaded Laminates,"Journal of Composites Technology & Research, 13(4):236-248.
32.
32. Crews, J. H.1981. "Bolt-Bearing Fatigue of a Graphite/Epoxy Laminate,"Joining of Composite Materials, ASTM STP 749, K. T. Kedward, ed., Philadelphia, PA: American Society for Testing and Materials, pp. 131-144.
