The centrality of values in cross-cultural research has more than doubled over the last three decades. This Special Issue investigates values across cultures and focuses on two main levels: individual and national. At the individual level, values express broad, trans-situational motivational goals, affecting individuals’ interpretation of situations, preferences, choices, and actions. At the national level, values reflect the solutions groups develop in response to existential challenges and relate to the way social institutions function. The authors review the role of values at each level and present eight articles included in the special issue, showing the value of values in cross-cultural research.
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Bond, M.H., & Leung, K. ( 2004). Culture-level dimensions of social axioms and their correlates across 41 cultures. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 35, 548-570.
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Daniel, E., Schiefer, D., Möllering, A., Benish-Weisman, M., Boehnke, K., & Knafo, A. (in press). Value differentiation in adolescence: The role of age and cultural complexity. Child Development.
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Davidov, E., Schmidt, P., & Schwartz, S.H. (2008). Bringing values back in: The adequacy of the European Social Survey to measure values in 20 countries . Public Opinion Quarterly, 7, 420-445.
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de Dreu, C.K.W., & Boles, T. ( 1998). Share and share alike or winner take all? The influence of social value orientation upon choice and recall of negotiation heuristics . Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 76, 253-276.
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Feather, N.T. ( 1995). Values, valences, and choice: The influence of values on the perceived attractiveness and choice of alternatives. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 68, 1135-1151.
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Gelfand, M.J., Nishii, L.H., & Raver, J.L. ( 2006). On the nature and importance of cultural tightness-looseness . Journal of Applied Psychology, 91, 1225-1244.
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Hofstede, G. ( 1980). Culture’s consequences: International differences in work-related values. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.
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Hofstede, G. ( 1991). Cultures and organizations: Software of the mind. London: McGraw-Hill.
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Hofstede, G. ( 2001). Culture’s consequences: Comparing values, behaviors, institutions, and organizations across nations (2nd ed.). Beverly Hills, CA: Sage .
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House, R., Javidan, M., & Dorfman, P. ( 2001). Project globe: An introduction. Applied Psychology: An International Review, 50, 489-505.
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Inglehart, R. ( 1997). Modernization and postmodernization: Cultural, economic and political change in 43 societies. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
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Inglehart, R., & Baker, W.E. ( 2000). Modernization, cultural change, and the persistence of traditional values. American Sociological Review, 65, 19-51.
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Inkeles, A., & Levinson, D.J. (1963). The personal system and the sociocultural system in large-scale organizations. Sociometry , 26, 217-229.
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Kluckhohn, C. ( 1951). Values and value-orientations in the theory of action . In T. Parsons & E. A. Shils (Eds.), Toward a general theory of action (pp. 388-433). Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
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Kluckhohn, F.R., & Strodtbeck, F.L. (1961). Variations in value orientations . Evanston, IL: Row, Peterson and Co.
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Knafo, A., Daniel, E., & Khoury-Kassabri, M. (2008). Values as protective factors against violent behavior in Jewish and Arab high schools in Israel , Child Development, 79, 652-667.
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Knafo, A., & Spinath, F.M. (in press). Genetic and environmental influences on girls’ and boys’ gender-typed and gender-neutral values, Developmental Psychology .
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Maio, G.R., Pakizeh, A., Cheung, W.Y., & Rees, K.J. ( 2009). Changing, priming, and acting on values: Effects via motivational relations in a circular model. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 97, 699-715.
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Minkov, M. ( 2007). What makes us different and similar: A new interpretation of the World Values Survey and other cross-cultural data. Sofia, Bulgaria: Klasika i Stil.
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Rohan, M. ( 2000). A rose by any name? The value construct. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 4, 255-277.
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Rokeach, M. ( 1973). The nature of human values. New York : Free Press.
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Sagiv, L., & Schwartz, S.H. (2000). A new look at national culture: Illustrative applications to role stress and managerial behavior . In N. N. Ashkanasy, C. Wilderom, & M. F. Peterson (Eds.), The handbook of organizational culture and climate (pp. 417-436). Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
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Sagiv, L., & Schwartz, S.H. (2007). Cultural values in organizations: Insights for Europe. European Journal of International Management , 1, 176-190.
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Sagiv, L., Schwartz, S.H., & Arieli, S. (in press). Personal values, national culture and organizations: Insights applying the Schwartz Value Framework. In N. M. Ashkanasy, C. P. M. Wilderom , & M. F. Peterson (Eds.), The handbook of organizational culture and climate (2nd ed.). Beverly Hills, CA: Sage Publications .
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Sagiv, L., Sverdlik, N., & Schwarz, N. (in press). To compete or to cooperate? Values’ impact on perception and action in social dilemma games. European Journal of Social Psychology.
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Schermer, J.A., Feather, N.T., Zhu, G., & Martin, N.G. ( 2008). Phenotypic, genetic, and environmental properties of the portrait values questionnaire. Twin Research and Human Genetics, 5, 531-537.
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Schwartz, S.H. ( 1992). Universals in the content and structure of values: Theoretical advances and empirical tests in 20 countries. Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, 25, 1-65.
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Schwartz, S.H. ( 1999). Cultural value differences: Some implications for work . Applied Psychology: An International Review, 48, 23-47.
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Schwartz, S.H. ( 2004). Mapping and interpreting cultural differences around the world. In H. Vinken, J. Soeters, & P. Ester (Eds.), Comparing cultures, dimensions of culture in a comparative perspective (pp. 43-73). Leiden, the Netherlands: Brill.
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Schwartz, S.H. ( 2006a). A theory of cultural value orientations: Explication and applications. Comparative Sociology, 5, 137-182.
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Schwartz, S.H. ( 2006b). Basic human values: Theory, measurement, and applications . Revue Française de Sociologie, 47, 249-288.
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Schwartz, S.H. ( 2011). Values: Individual and cultural. In S. M. Breugelmans, A. Chasiotis , & F. J. R. van de Vijver (Eds.), Fundamental questions in cross-cultural psychology (pp. 463-493). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
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Schwartz, S.H., & Sagiv, L. ( 1995). Identifying culture-specifics in the content and structure of values. Journal of Cross Cultural Psychology, 26, 92-116.
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Smith, P.B., Dugan, S., & Trompenaars, F. (1996). National culture and managerial values: A dimensional analysis across 43 nations. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 27, 252-285.
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Spini, D. ( 2003). Measurement equivalence of 10 value types from the Schwartz value survey across 21 countries. Journal of Cross Cultural Psychology, 34, 3-23.
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van Lange, P.A.M., & Liebrand, W.B.G. (1989). On perceiving morality and potency: Social values and the effects of person perception in a give-some dilemma. European Journal of Social Psychology, 3, 209-225.
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Verplanken, B., & Holland, R.W. ( 2002). Motivated decision making: Effects of activation and self-centrality of values on choices and behavior. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 82, 434-447.
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