A Single-section Model for Enamel De- and Remineralization Studies. 1. The Effects of Different Ca/P Ratios in Remineralization Solutions

A prerequisite for the accurate measurement of differences between pre- and post-experimental mineral profiles in single sections by quantitative microradiography is a high degree of reproducibility of the analytical procedures. We have determined the reproducibility of both the production and analyses of microradiographs. Lesions were made in seven single bovine enamel sections and radiographed three times. Each microradiograph was then analyzed on three different occasions by use of an image analysis system. This resulted in only small standard deviations in the lesion parameters. The method was used to determine the sites of mineral deposition in lesions in single sections during remineralization in three different solutions, one of which contained 1.5 mmol/L Ca and 0.9 mmol/L PO₄ (standard solution); the other two solutions were low in either Ca or PO₄, but all three had the same degree of supersaturation. The mineral profiles and lesion parameters were determined after lesion formation and after remineralization for 4 days, 1, 2, and 3 weeks. The decrease in IML (integrated mineral loss) in the lesions remineralized in the standard solution was greatest during the first week. Lesion profiles revealed that, under non-standard conditions, mineral deposition was retarded in the deeper part of the lesion, in contrast to the even distribution of mineral deposition from the standard solution. Differences in IML changes and lesion profiles between these bovine enamel experimental groups diminished when remineralization continued for 2 and 3 weeks. Possibly, the reactivity of mineral surfaces in newly made lesions affected the diffusion ofremineralizing ions from low concentration solutions to the lesion front.