Cytotoxic Interactive Effects of Dentin Bonding Components on Mouse Fibroblasts

Abstract

Previous studies have shown a wide range of pulpal reactions to dentin bonding systems and a poor correlation between in vitro and in vivo toxicity of dentin bonding agents. Because dentin bonding agents are composed of multiple components which may diffuse through dentin, we hypothesized that these components may cause cytotoxicity through interactive (synergistic) effects. We investigated the cytotoxicities of four dentin bonding components-HEMA, Bis-GMA, TEGDMA, and UDMA-and interactive effects for three binary combinations of the dentin bonding components-HEMA and Bis-GMA, Bis-GMA and TEGDMA, and TEGDMA and UDMA. Cytotoxicities to Balb/c 3T3 mouse fibroblasts were measured by the MTT assay. Concentrations which caused 50% toxicity compared with controls (TC₅₀ values) were compared, and the interactive effects were determined by evaluation of the differences between observed and expected MTT activities of the cells. The ranks of toxicity of the dentin bonding components in terms of TC₅₀ values were as follows: Bis-GMA > UDMA > TEGDMA >>> HEMA (least toxic) after 24- and 72-hour exposures. As binary combinations, the three combinations of dentin bonding components interacted in three ways—synergism, additivism, and antagonism-which were influenced by the concentrations of both components. The longer period of exposure resulted in a significant increase in the cytotoxicity of the dentin bonding components and combinations. The findings indicate that both exposure time and the interactions between the dentin bonding components may be important parameters in determining the cytotoxicity of dentin bonding agents in vivo.

Keywords

bonding (dental)cytotoxicity fibroblasts

Get full access to this article

View all access options for this article.

References

Bergenholtz G. , Cox CF , Loesche WJ , Syed SA ( 1982). Bacterial leakage around dental restorations: its effect on the dental pulp. J Oral Pathot 11:439-450.

Bouillaguet S. , Wataha JC , Hanks TC , Ciucchi B. , Holz J. ( 1995). In vitro cytotoxicity and dentin permeability of HEMA (2-hydroxvethyl methacrylate). J Endo (in press).

Bowen RL , Rupp NW , Eichmiller FC , Stanley HR (1989). Clinical biocompatibility of an experimental dentine-enamel adhesive, for composites. Int Dent J 39:247-252.

Brännström M. , Nybörg H. (1972). Pulp reaction to composite resin restorations . J Prosthet Dent 27:181-189.

Chohayeb AA , Bowen RL , Adrian J. (1988). Pulpal response to a dentin and enamel bonding system. Dent Mater 4:144-146.

Douglas WH (1989). Clinical status of dentine bonding agents. J Dent 17:209-215.

Dogon IL , Van Leeuwen MJ , Heeley JD (1987), A comparison of the pulpal response to two dentin bonding agents (abstract). J Dent Res 66:772.

Duke ES , Robbins JW , Snyder DS (1991). Clinical evaluation of a dentinal adhesive system: three-year results. Quintessence Int 22:889-895.

Dumsha TC , Beckerman T. (1986). Pulp response to a dentin bonding system in miniature swine. Dent Mater 2:156-158.

10.

Dumsha TC , Sydiskis RJ (1985). Cytotoxicity testing of a dentin bonding system . Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 59:637-641.

11.

Elbaum R. , Remusat M. , Brouillet JL (1992). Biocompatibility of an enamel-dentin adhesive . Quintessence Int 23:773-782.

12.

Franquin JC , Brouillet JL (1988). Biocompatibility of an enamel and dentin adhesive under different conditions of application. Quintessence Int 19:813-826.

13.

Gerzina TM , Hume WR ( 1994). Effect of hydrostatic pressure on the release of monomers through dentin in vitro (abstract). J Dent Res 73:224.

14.

Gerzina TM , Hume WR ( 1995). Effect of hydrostatic pressure on the diffusion of monomers through dentin in vitro. J Dent Res 74:369-373.

15.

Hanks CT , Strawn SE , Wataha JC , Craig RG (1991). Cytotoxic effects of resin components on cultured mammalian fibroblasts. J Dent Res 70:1450-1455.

16.

Hanks CT , Wataha JC , Parsell RR , Strawn SE (1992). Delineation of cytotoxic concentrations of two dentin bonding agents in vitro. J Endod 18:589-596.

17.

Hanks CT , Wataha JC , Parsell RR , Strawn SE , Fat JC (1994). Permeability of biological and synthetic molecules through dentin. J Oral Rehabil 21:475-487.

18.

Magos L. (1981). Synergism and antagonism in metal toxicology. In: Systemic aspects of biocompatibility. Vol. 1. Williams DF , editor. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, pp. 87-100.

19.

Meryon SD , Brook AM (1989). In vitro cytotoxicity of three dentine bonding agents. J Dent 17:279-283.

20.

Ostro E. , Keall CL , Keall HJ , Cox CF (1985). Pulpal response in monkey teeth with controlled smear layer removal (abstract). J Dent Res 64:222.

21.

Pashley DH (1988). Consideration of dentine permeability in cytotoxicity testing. Int Endod J 21:143-154.

22.

Pashley DH (1992). The effects of acid etching on the pulpodentin complex. Oper Dent 17:229-242.

23.

Prichard MN , Shipman C. (1990). A three-dimensional model to analyze drug-drug interactions. Antiviral Res 14:181-206.

24.

Qvist V. , Stoltze K. , Qvist J. (1989). Human pulp reactions to resin restorations performed with different acid-etch restorative procedures. Acta Odontol Scand 47:253-263.

25.

Rathbun MA , Craig RG , Hanks CT , Filisko FE (1991). Cytotoxicity of a Bis-GMA dental composite before and after leaching in organic solvents. J Biomed Mater Res 25:443-457.

26.

Rueggeberg FA , Margeson DH (1990). The effect of oxygen inhibition on an unfilled/filled composite system. J Dent Res 69:1652-1658.

27.

Rueggeberg FA , Tamareselvy K. , Ergle JW (1995). Network conversion and leachability of Bis-GMA/TEGDMA copolymers (abstract). J Dent Res 74:183.

28.

Soderholm KJ (1991). Correlation of in vivo and in vitro performance of adhesive restorative materials: a report of the ASC MD 156 Task Group on test methods for the adhesion of restorative materials. Dent Mater 7:74-83.

29.

Stanley HR , Going RE , Chauncey HH (1975). Human pulp response to acid pretreatment of dentin and to composite restoration. J Am Dent Assoc 91:817-825.

30.

Tagami J. , Sugizaki J. , Hosada H. (1990). Effect of various pretreatments for dentin bonding on dentin permeability (abstract). Shika Zairyo Kikai 9:240-246.

31.

Van Meerbeek B. , Inokoshi S. , Braem M. , Lambrechts P. , Vanherle G. (1992). Morphological aspects of the resin-dentin interdiffusion zone with different dentin adhesive systems. J Dent Res 71:1530-1540.

32.

Vojinovic O. , Nyborg H. , Brannstrom M. (1973). Acid treatment of cavities under resin fillings; bacterial growth in dentinal tubules and pulpal reactions. J Dent Res 52:1189-1193.

33.

Wataha JC , Hanks CT , Craig RG (1992). In vitro synergistic, antagonistic, and duration of exposure effects of metal cations on eukaryotic cells. J Biomed Mater Res 26:1297-1309.

34.

Wataha JC , Hanks CT , Sun Z. (1994). Effect of cell line on in vitro metal ion cytotoxicity . Dent Mater 10:156-161.